Phthalocyanines and Some Current Applications


Book Description

Since their initial accidental synthesis and characterization in Scotland in the late 1920s, there has been a strong research focus on the use of phthalocyanines (Pcs) as dyes and pigments. In recent years, active research fields have included their use in electrophotography, photovoltaic and solar cells, molecular electronics, Langmuir-Blodgett films, photosensitizers, electrochromic display devices, gas sensors, liquid crystals, low-dimensional conductors, and optical disks. Phthalocyanines possess interesting biological, electronic, optical, catalytic, and structural properties. The main disadvantage is their insolubility in common solvents due to strong intermolecular - interactions. The solubility of phthalocyanines can be increased by various methods such as the formation of anionic and cationic species and both axial and peripheral substitution. Substitution at the nonperipheral and peripheral positions of the benzo moieties usually enhances their solubility in organic solvents. The most important advantage of phthalocyanines compared to porphyrins is that their Q bands lie at longer wavelengths and are considerably more intense. In this book, you will find synthesis and some applications of various phthalocyanine derivatives.







Applications of Organometallic Chemistry in the Preparation and Processing of Advanced Materials


Book Description

In the ten years since the scientific rationale for the design, synthesis and application of inorganic and organometallic polymers (IOPs) was first conceptualised, we have witnessed the first tentative exploration of IOPs as precursors to new materials, with efforts focusing on the design and synthesis of novel ceramic precursors. Developing expertise led to precursor studies combined with the characterisation of the transformation processes that occur when IOPs are converted to ceramic materials. Now at maturity, the science presented in this volume reveals the polymer precursor approach to materials synthesis together with examples of processing ceramic shapes for a range of mechanical properties, the development of sophisticated, noninvasive analytical techniques, and IOP design rationales relying on well-defined processing-property relationships. The production of multifunctional IOPs is described, providing ion conductivity, gas sensing, bioactivity, magnetic properties, etc., combined with processability. The existence of well-defined IOPs and the exquisite control that can be exerted on sol-gel systems now provide access to such a variety of mixed organic-organometallic and/or inorganic hybrid systems that their exploitation is likely to develop into an entirely new field of materials chemistry. Future exciting avenues of research are also being opened up with the advent of buckyballs, Met-Cars, dopable preceramics, rigid-rod organometallics, and molecular tinkertoys.




Phthalocyanines


Book Description

Up-to-date and written by leading experts, this book is unique in a rapidly expanding field. It provides in-depth discussions and descriptions of the materials, electronic properties and applications of phthalocyanines. Aspects of phthalocyanines covered include * synthesis * polymer aspects * electronic spectroscopy * excited state chemistry and physics * chemical sensors * biological aspects (e.g. photodynamic therapy of cancer) The numerous tables, chemical structures, and references are particularly handy source materials for both the novice and experienced researcher and industrial practitioner interested in phthalocyanines.







Handbook Of Porphyrin Science: With Applications To Chemistry, Physics, Materials Science, Engineering, Biology And Medicine (Volumes 6-10)


Book Description

This is the second set of Handbook of Porphyrin Science.Porphyrins, phthalocyanines and their numerous analogues and derivatives are materials of tremendous importance in chemistry, materials science, physics, biology and medicine. They are the red color in blood (heme) and the green in leaves (chlorophyll); they are also excellent ligands that can coordinate with almost every metal in the Periodic Table. Grounded in natural systems, porphyrins are incredibly versatile and can be modified in many ways; each new modification yields derivatives, demonstrating new chemistry, physics and biology, with a vast array of medicinal and technical applications.As porphyrins are currently employed as platforms for study of theoretical principles and applications in a wide variety of fields, the Handbook of Porphyrin Science represents a timely ongoing series dealing in detail with the synthesis, chemistry, physicochemical and medical properties and applications of polypyrrole macrocycles. Professors Karl Kadish, Kevin Smith and Roger Guilard are internationally recognized experts in the research field of porphyrins, each having his own separate area of expertise in the field. Between them, they have published over 1500 peer-reviewed papers and edited more than three dozen books on diverse topics of porphyrins and phthalocyanines. In assembling the new volumes of this unique Handbook, they have selected and attracted the very best scientists in each sub-discipline as contributing authors.This Handbook will prove to be a modern authoritative treatise on the subject as it is a collection of up-to-date works by world-renowned experts in the field. Complete with hundreds of figures, tables and structural formulas, and thousands of literature citations, all researchers and graduate students in this field will find the Handbook of Porphyrin Science an essential, major reference source for many years to come.




Phthalocyanines


Book Description




Electronic Structure of Metal Phthalocyanines on Ag(100)


Book Description

The application of molecules in technological devices hinges on the proper understanding of their behavior on metallic electrodes or substrates. The intrinsic molecular electronic and magnetic properties are modified at a metallic interface, and greatly depend on the atomic configuration of the molecule-metal bond. This poses certain problems, such as the lack of reproducibility in the transport properties of molecular junctions, but also offers the possibility to induce new charge and spin configurations that are only present at the interface. The results presented in this thesis address this issue, providing a comprehensive overview of the influence of molecule-metal and molecule-molecule interactions on the electronic and magnetic properties of molecules adsorbed on metallic substrates. Using metal-phthalocyanines (MePc), a commonly used metal-organic complex as a model system, each chapter explores different aspects of the interaction with silver surfaces: the local adsorption geometry, self-assembly, the modifications of the electronic and magnetic characteristics due to hybridization and charge transfer, and finally the manipulation of molecular charge and spin states by electron doping using alkali atoms moved with the STM tip.