Traffic Control and Transport Planning:


Book Description

When solving real-life engineering problems, linguistic information is often encountered that is frequently hard to quantify using "classical" mathematical techniques. This linguistic information represents subjective knowledge. Through the assumptions made by the analyst when forming the mathematical model, the linguistic information is often ignored. On the other hand, a wide range of traffic and transportation engineering parameters are characterized by uncertainty, subjectivity, imprecision, and ambiguity. Human operators, dispatchers, drivers, and passengers use this subjective knowledge or linguistic information on a daily basis when making decisions. Decisions about route choice, mode of transportation, most suitable departure time, or dispatching trucks are made by drivers, passengers, or dispatchers. In each case the decision maker is a human. The environment in which a human expert (human controller) makes decisions is most often complex, making it difficult to formulate a suitable mathematical model. Thus, the development of fuzzy logic systems seems justified in such situations. In certain situations we accept linguistic information much more easily than numerical information. In the same vein, we are perfectly capable of accepting approximate numerical values and making decisions based on them. In a great number of cases we use approximate numerical values exclusively. It should be emphasized that the subjective estimates of different traffic parameters differs from dispatcher to dispatcher, driver to driver, and passenger to passenger.




Neural Networks in Transport Applications


Book Description

First published in 1998, this volume enters the debate on human behaviour in the form of neural networks in a spatial context. As most transportation research techniques had been developed in the 1960s and 1970s, these authors sought to bring that research into the modern era. Featuring 17 articles from 37 contributors, it begins with an overview and proceeds to examine aspects of travel behaviour, traffic flow and traffic management.




Graph Neural Networks: Foundations, Frontiers, and Applications


Book Description

Deep Learning models are at the core of artificial intelligence research today. It is well known that deep learning techniques are disruptive for Euclidean data, such as images or sequence data, and not immediately applicable to graph-structured data such as text. This gap has driven a wave of research for deep learning on graphs, including graph representation learning, graph generation, and graph classification. The new neural network architectures on graph-structured data (graph neural networks, GNNs in short) have performed remarkably on these tasks, demonstrated by applications in social networks, bioinformatics, and medical informatics. Despite these successes, GNNs still face many challenges ranging from the foundational methodologies to the theoretical understandings of the power of the graph representation learning. This book provides a comprehensive introduction of GNNs. It first discusses the goals of graph representation learning and then reviews the history, current developments, and future directions of GNNs. The second part presents and reviews fundamental methods and theories concerning GNNs while the third part describes various frontiers that are built on the GNNs. The book concludes with an overview of recent developments in a number of applications using GNNs. This book is suitable for a wide audience including undergraduate and graduate students, postdoctoral researchers, professors and lecturers, as well as industrial and government practitioners who are new to this area or who already have some basic background but want to learn more about advanced and promising techniques and applications.




Urban Informatics


Book Description

This open access book is the first to systematically introduce the principles of urban informatics and its application to every aspect of the city that involves its functioning, control, management, and future planning. It introduces new models and tools being developed to understand and implement these technologies that enable cities to function more efficiently – to become ‘smart’ and ‘sustainable’. The smart city has quickly emerged as computers have become ever smaller to the point where they can be embedded into the very fabric of the city, as well as being central to new ways in which the population can communicate and act. When cities are wired in this way, they have the potential to become sentient and responsive, generating massive streams of ‘big’ data in real time as well as providing immense opportunities for extracting new forms of urban data through crowdsourcing. This book offers a comprehensive review of the methods that form the core of urban informatics from various kinds of urban remote sensing to new approaches to machine learning and statistical modelling. It provides a detailed technical introduction to the wide array of tools information scientists need to develop the key urban analytics that are fundamental to learning about the smart city, and it outlines ways in which these tools can be used to inform design and policy so that cities can become more efficient with a greater concern for environment and equity.




Computational Methods and Data Engineering


Book Description

This book gathers selected high-quality research papers from the International Conference on Computational Methods and Data Engineering (ICMDE 2020), held at SRM University, Sonipat, Delhi-NCR, India. Focusing on cutting-edge technologies and the most dynamic areas of computational intelligence and data engineering, the respective contributions address topics including collective intelligence, intelligent transportation systems, fuzzy systems, data privacy and security, data mining, data warehousing, big data analytics, cloud computing, natural language processing, swarm intelligence, and speech processing.







Computational Science and Its Applications - ICCSA 2007


Book Description

This three-volume set constitutes the refereed proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Science and its Applications. These volumes feature outstanding papers that present a wealth of original research results in the field of computational science, from foundational issues in computer science and mathematics to advanced applications in almost all sciences that use computational techniques.




Application of Artificial Neural Networks in Geoinformatics


Book Description

This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Application of Artificial Neural Networks in Geoinformatics" that was published in Applied Sciences




Industrial Applications of Neural Networks


Book Description

Neural network technology encompasses a class of methods which attempt to mimic the basic structures used in the brain for information processing. Thetechnology is aimed at problems such as pattern recognition which are difficult for traditional computational methods. Neural networks have potential applications in many industrial areas such as advanced robotics, operations research, and process engineering. This book is concerned with the application of neural network technology to real industrial problems. It summarizes a three-year collaborative international project called ANNIE (Applications of Neural Networks for Industry in Europe) which was jointly funded by industry and the European Commission within the ESPRIT programme. As a record of a working project, the book gives an insight into the real problems faced in taking a new technology from the workbench into a live industrial application, and shows just how it can be achieved. It stresses the comparison between neural networks and conventional approaches. Even the non-specialist reader will benefit from understanding the limitations as well as the advantages of the new technology.




Intelligent Transportation and Planning: Breakthroughs in Research and Practice


Book Description

From driverless cars to vehicular networks, recent technological advances are being employed to increase road safety and improve driver satisfaction. As with any newly developed technology, researchers must take care to address all concerns, limitations, and dangers before widespread public adoption. Intelligent Transportation and Planning: Breakthroughs in Research and Practice is an innovative reference source for the latest academic material on the applications, management, and planning of intelligent transportation systems. Highlighting a range of topics, such as automatic control, infrastructure systems, and system architecture, this publication is ideally designed for engineers, academics, professionals, and practitioners actively involved in the transportation planning sector.