Psychophysical Judgment and Measurement


Book Description

Handbook of Perception, Volume II: Psychophysical Judgment and Measurement brings together a very large, diverse, and widely scattered literature on human perception, with emphasis on psychophysical judgement and measurement. The book reviews the history of research on choice, judgement, and measurement in order to provide a background for contemporary work. This volume is organized into five sections encompassing 14 chapters and begins with a historical background on psychophysics and the evolution of thinking about the central measurement problem in judgement. The basic psychological context in which choice and judgement occur is considered next, touching on topics such as the problem of information selection and the sources of bias and variability in judgemental processes in relation to memory. The chapters that follow discuss the theoretical frame of measurement models and their applications. In particular, examples of algebraic fundamental measurement, algebraic derived measurement, and probabilistic derived measurement are given. The book also introduces the reader to various psychophysical scaling methods and theories of scaling. This book will serve as a basic source and reference work for psychologists and natural scientists, as well as for anyone in the arts or sciences or those who are interested in human perception.




Social Attitudes and Psychophysical Measurement


Book Description

Published in 1982, Social Attitudes and Psychophysical Measurement is a valuable contribution to the field of Cognitive Psychology.










Psychological Foundations of Attitudes


Book Description

Psychological Foundations of Attitudes presents various approaches and theories about attitudes. The book opens with a chapter on the development of attitude theory from 1930 to 1950. This is followed by separate chapters on the principles of the attitude-reinforcer-discriminative system; a systematic test of a learning theory analysis of interpersonal attraction; a "spread of effect" in attitude formation; Hullian learning theory; and possible origins of learned attitudinal cognitions. Subsequent chapters deal with mechanisms through which attitudes can function as both independent and dependent variables in the attitude-behavior link; and the problem of how people go about applying a summary label to their attitudes and the reciprocal effects that rating has on the content of attitude. The final chapters discuss a commodity theory that relates selective social communication to value formation; the freedoms there are in regard to attitudes; attitude change occasioned by actions which are discrepant from one's previously existing attitudes or values; and the conflict-theory approach to attitude change.




The Wave Theory of Difference and Similarity


Book Description

Two experimental procedures prompted the empirical development of psychophysical models: those that measure response frequency, often referred to as response probability; and those that measure response time, sometimes referred to as reaction time. The history of psychophysics is filled with theories that predict one or the other of these two responses. Yet the persistent reappearance of empirical relationships between these two measures of performance makes clear the need for a theory that both predicts and relates these two measures. Most likely, both response measures are the result of a single process that generates empirical laws relating response time and response probability. It is this process — its theory, description, and application — that is the topic of The Wave Theory of Difference and Similarity. Originally published in 1992, the author of this book has set out to provide a theoretical foundation for formulating new theories that systematize earlier results and to stimulate new concepts and introduce new tools for exploring mental phenomena and improving mental measurement.




Attitudes & Social Adaptation


Book Description

An important and interesting work which demonstrates the person-situation interaction theory of attitudes and attributes and shows how many of the principles of interaction or attribute research apply to attitude research (and vice versa). A new theory, social adaptation, is presented which attempts to account for the importance of attitudes and social cognition in human social behaviour, and applies Piaget's work on cognitive development to attitude research.




The Philosophical Review


Book Description

An international journal of general philosophy.