Bogatin's Practical Guide to Prototype Breadboard and PCB Design


Book Description

Printed circuit boards (PCB) are at the heart of every electronic product manufactured today. Yet, engineers rarely learn to design PCBs from a class or course. They learn it by doing, by reading app notes, watching YouTube videos and sitting by the side of an experienced engineer. This book is the foundation building book for all engineers starting out to design PCBs. It teaches good habits designing a PCB, first for connectivity, and secondly, introduces the four most important principles to reduce noise. A seven-step process is presented: developing a plan of record, creating a Bill of Materials, completing the schematic, completing the layout, completing the assembly, conducting bring up and troubleshooting and documenting the project. Each step is developed in detail. In particular, the emphasis in this book is on risk management: what can be done at each step of the process to reduce the risk of a hard-error which requires a complete re-spin, or a soft error, which requires some sort of on-the-fly repair. After connectivity is designed, it’s important to develop good habits to minimize the potential noise from ground bounce, power rail stitching noise, stack up design and reducing switching noise in signal paths. These techniques apply to all designs from 2-layer to 8-layer and more, for bandwidths below 200 MHz. The best practices for manual lead-free soldering are presented so that everyone can become a soldering expert. The best measurement practices using common lab instruments such as the DMM, the constant current/constant voltage power supply, and oscilloscopes are presented so that common artifacts are minimized. Features in the design that help you find design or assembly errors quickly and the troubleshooting techniques to find and fix problems are introduced. Applying the habits presented in this book will help every engineer design their next circuit board faster, with less chance of an unexpected problem, with the lowest noise. This textbook will also have embedded videos to visually demonstrate many of the hands-on processes introduced in this book.




Bogatin’s Practical Guide to Transmission Line Design and Characterization for Signal Integrity Applications


Book Description

This multimedia eBook establishes a solid foundation in the essential principles of how signals interact with transmission lines, how the physical design of interconnects affects transmission line properties, and how to interpret single-ended and differential time domain reflection (TDR) measurements to extract important figures of merits and avoid common mistakes. This book presents an intuitive understanding of transmission lines. Instructional videos are provided in every chapter that cover important aspects of the interconnect design and characterization process. This video eBook helps establish foundations for designing and characterizing the electrical properties of interconnects to explain in a simplified way how signals propagate and interact with interconnects and how the physical design of transmission structures will impact performance. Never be intimidated by impedance or differential pairs again.




Signal Integrity Characterization Techniques


Book Description

Cogently addressing the future of signal integrity and the effect it will have on the data transmission industry as a whole, this all-inclusive guide addresses a wide array of technologies, from traditional digital data transmission to microwave measurements, and accessibly examines the gap between the two. Focusing on real world applications and providing a wide array of case studies that show how each technology can be used—from backplane design challenges to advanced error correction techniques—this guide addresses many of today’s high-speed technologies while also providing excellent insight into their future direction. With numerous valuable lessons pertaining to the signal integrity industry, this resource is the ultimate must-read guide for any specialist in the design engineering field.




PCB Design Guide to Via and Trace Currents and Temperatures


Book Description

A very important part of printed circuit board (PCB) design involves sizing traces and vias to carry the required current. This exciting new book will explore how hot traces and vias should be and what board, circuit, design, and environmental parameters are the most important. PCB materials (copper and dielectrics) and the role they play in the heating and cooling of traces are covered. The IPC curves found in IPC 2152, the equations that fit those curves and computer simulations that fit those curves and equations are detailed. Sensitivity analyses that show what happens when environments are varied, including adjacent traces and planes, changing trace lengths, and thermal gradients are presented. Via temperatures and what determines them are explored, along with fusing issues and what happens when traces are overloaded. Voltage drops across traces and vias, the thermal effects going around right-angle corners, and frequency effects are covered. Readers learn how to measure the thermal conductivity of dielectrics and how to measure the resistivity of copper traces and why many prior attempts to do so have been doomed to failure. Industrial CT Scanning, and whether or not they might replace microsections for measuring trace parameters are also considered.




Complete PCB Design Using OrCad Capture and Layout


Book Description

Complete PCB Design Using OrCad Capture and Layout provides instruction on how to use the OrCAD design suite to design and manufacture printed circuit boards. The book is written for both students and practicing engineers who need a quick tutorial on how to use the software and who need in-depth knowledge of the capabilities and limitations of the software package. There are two goals the book aims to reach: The primary goal is to show the reader how to design a PCB using OrCAD Capture and OrCAD Layout. Capture is used to build the schematic diagram of the circuit, and Layout is used to design the circuit board so that it can be manufactured. The secondary goal is to show the reader how to add PSpice simulation capabilities to the design, and how to develop custom schematic parts, footprints and PSpice models. Often times separate designs are produced for documentation, simulation and board fabrication. This book shows how to perform all three functions from the same schematic design. This approach saves time and money and ensures continuity between the design and the manufactured product. Information is presented in the exact order a circuit and PCB are designed Straightforward, realistic examples present the how and why the designs work, providing a comprehensive toolset for understanding the OrCAD software Introduction to the IPC, JEDEC, and IEEE standards relating to PCB design Full-color interior and extensive illustrations allow readers to learn features of the product in the most realistic manner possible




Practical RF System Design


Book Description

The ultimate practical resource for today's RF system design professionals Radio frequency components and circuits form the backbone of today's mobile and satellite communications networks. Consequently, both practicing and aspiring industry professionals need to be able to solve ever more complex problems of RF design. Blending theoretical rigor with a wealth of practical expertise, Practical RF System Design addresses a variety of complex, real-world problems that system engineers are likely to encounter in today's burgeoning communications industry with solutions that are not easily available in the existing literature. The author, an expert in the field of RF module and system design, provides powerful techniques for analyzing real RF systems, with emphasis on some that are currently not well understood. Combining theoretical results and models with examples, he challenges readers to address such practical issues as: * How standing wave ratio affects system gain * How noise on a local oscillator will affect receiver noise figure and desensitization * How to determine the dynamic range of a cascade from module specifications * How phase noise affects system performance and where it comes from * How intermodulation products (IMs) predictably change with signal amplitude, and why they sometimes change differently An essential resource for today's RF system engineers, the text covers important topics in the areas of system noise and nonlinearity, frequency conversion, and phase noise. Along with a wealth of practical examples using MATLAB(r) and Excel, spreadsheets are available for download from an FTP Web site to help readers apply the methods outlined in this important resource.




Trade-Offs in Analog Circuit Design


Book Description

As the frequency of communication systems increases and the dimensions of transistors are reduced, more and more stringent performance requirements are placed on analog circuits. This is a trend that is bound to continue for the foreseeable future and while it does, understanding performance trade-offs will constitute a vital part of the analog design process. It is the insight and intuition obtained from a fundamental understanding of performance conflicts and trade-offs, that ultimately provides the designer with the basic tools necessary for effective and creative analog design. Trade-offs in Analog Circuit Design, which is devoted to the understanding of trade-offs in analog design, is quite unique in that it draws together fundamental material from, and identifies interrelationships within, a number of key analog circuits. The book covers ten subject areas: Design methodology, Technology, General Performance, Filters, Switched Circuits, Oscillators, Data Converters, Transceivers, Neural Processing, and Analog CAD. Within these subject areas it deals with a wide diversity of trade-offs ranging from frequency-dynamic range and power, gain-bandwidth, speed-dynamic range and phase noise, to tradeoffs in design for manufacture and IC layout. The book has by far transcended its original scope and has become both a designer's companion as well as a graduate textbook. An important feature of this book is that it promotes an intuitive approach to understanding analog circuits by explaining fundamental relationships and, in many cases, providing practical illustrative examples to demonstrate the inherent basic interrelationships and trade-offs. Trade-offs in Analog Circuit Design draws together 34 contributions from some of the world's most eminent analog circuits-and-systems designers to provide, for the first time, a comprehensive text devoted to a very important and timely approach to analog circuit design.




Plumbing


Book Description

One of the fundamental tenets of modernism was its image of hygiene, its ideal of bringing cleanliness and order to the great unwashed, as evident in Adolf Loos's 1898 article, Plumbers. Using Loos as a point of departure, the essays in this collection examine architecture through the multiple meanings inherent in plumbing - from the pipes of modern hygiene, to the plumb line of the right angle, to Marcel Duchamp's Ready-made urinal.




Microcontroller Prototypes with Arduino and a 3D Printer


Book Description

Microcontroller Prototypes with Arduino and a 3D Printer Discover a complete treatment of microcomputer programming and application development with Arduino and 3D printers Microcontroller Prototypes with Arduino and a 3D Printer: Learn, Program, Manufacture delivers a comprehensive guide to learning microcontrollers that’s perfectly suited to educators, researchers, and manufacturers. The book provides readers with a seasoned expert’s perspective on the process of microcomputer programming and application development. Carefully designed and written example code and explanatory figures accompany the text, helping the reader fully understand and retain the concepts described within. The book focuses on demonstrating how to craft creative and innovative solutions in embedded systems design by providing practical and illustrative methods and examples. An accompanying website includes functioning and tested source code and learning exercises and the book relies on freeware development tools for the creation of firmware and software code, 3D printed enclosures, and debugging. It allows the reader to work with modern sensors and collect sensor data to a host PC for offline analysis. Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of: A thorough introduction to the art of embedded computers, including their interdisciplinarity, TPACK analysis, and the impact of microcontroller technology on the maker industry An exploration of embedded programming with Arduino, including number representation and special-function codes and C common language reference A discussion of hardware interfaces with the outside world, including digital pin interface, analog pin interface, UART serial interface, I2C, and SPI A treatment of sensors and data acquisition, including environmental measurements with Arduino Uno, orientation and motion detection with Teensy, gesture recognition with TinyZero, and color sensing with Micro:bit A variety of supplementary resources—including source codes and examples—hosted on an accompanying website to be maintained by the author: www.mikroct.com. Perfect for researchers and undergraduate students in electrical and electronic engineering or computer engineering, Microcontroller Prototypes with Arduino and a 3D Printer: Learn, Program, Manufacture will also earn a place in the libraries of hardware engineers, embedded system designers, system engineers, and electronic engineers.




The Hitchhiker's Guide to PCB Design


Book Description

Want to create a solid, manufacturable PCB the first time? Well, you're in luck. Get the only book you will ever need to upgrade your PCB knowledge and launch your career to new heights. Forget the school of hard-knocks and learn all the things industry experts wish they knew when starting out. With over 100 pages of content including checklists, pro-tips, and detailed illustrations, you'll gain decades of wisdom in a fraction of the time. Read the Hitchhikers Guide to PCB Design to be entertained and learn - How to create a robust and manufacturable PCB layout beyond routing the rats - Why it's important to incorporate DFX (Design for Excellence) and the many topics it covers - Who your project stakeholders are and why their involvement is essential for design success - PCB Design best practices you need to know and more BONUS- You can get a FREE digital download of the guide by visiting the EMA Design Automation website.