Botswana


Book Description

This 2019 Article IV Consultation focuses on Botswana near- and medium-term challenges and policy priorities and was prepared before COVID-19 became a global pandemic and resulted in unprecedented strains in global trade, commodity, and financial markets. Gross domestic product growth is forecasted to pick up to 4.4 percent in 2020 and 5.6 percent in 2021 as the diamond industry recovers somewhat, and a new copper mine comes on stream. Growth will ease back to around 4 percent over the medium term. Risks to the outlook include faster-than-anticipated slowdown in key trading partners, shifts in consumer preferences to synthetic diamonds, and climate shocks. The size and pace of the planned adjustment are consistent with Botswana’s fiscal space, but the composition of the adjustment should protect efficient capital and social spending. Furthermore, given that buffers are being eroded, it is critical that consolidation starts as envisaged in FY2020, as it would help start addressing external imbalances and contribute to a gradual rebuilding of buffers over the medium term. In order to strengthen the monetary transmission mechanism and deepen the domestic financial market, there is a need to develop the secondary market for government securities, leverage Fintech, facilitate the attachment of collateral, and improve credit information.







Sustainability in Developing Countries


Book Description

This book illustrates an alternative approach to ‘state of sustainability’ reporting by presenting cross-sectoral and multi-disciplinary discussions on sustainability issues in the context of a developing country, Botswana. The book volume illustrates how academic publishing can supplement African governments' existing forms of reporting on sustainability by providing on-ground detailed descriptions and experiences relating to achievement of the various sustainable development goals (SDGs). In addition, this process involves, increases and enhances diversity of stakeholders that report on sustainability. Furthermore, the approach resonates with the UN’s recommendation to build local strategies for implementation of the 2030 agenda for sustainable development. Conventional reporting on sustainability by most African countries is an exercise that is customarily the preserve of designated government ministries. While this form of reporting provides a consistent platform for tracking sustainable development goals, it can also benefit from juxtaposition with in-depth descriptions and experiences provided by academic publishing. Academia, through publishing, provides a framework for on-ground situation-analysis as well as in-depth descriptions of African country’s grass-root experiences, thus allowing for temporal tracking of sustainable development milestones. As this volume illustrates, experiences from the various contributors on this volume highlight different points of departure towards achieving the 2030 agenda. Topics covered include biodiversity, water management, world heritage, environment, education, tourism, gender, institutional approaches to achievement of SDGs, as well as contribution of non-governmental organisations (NGO)'s amongst others.




Determinants of Economic Growth


Book Description

Summarizes recent research from hundreds of empirical studies on economic growth across countries that have highlighted the correlation between growth and a variety of variables.




Botswana


Book Description

This Background Paper and Statistical Appendix describes economic and financial developments in Botswana during 1993–94. Although real GDP in Botswana recovered somewhat to 2.5 percent in 1993/94, compared with a decline of 1.5 percent in 1992/93, this outcome represented a decline in real GDP per capita for the second consecutive year. The government sector continued to expand relatively fast as the civil service continued to grow fairly rapidly, leading to an increasing share in the nonmining GDP, which rose from 34.8 percent in 1992/93 to 36.1 percent in 1993/94.




Doing Business 2020


Book Description

Seventeen in a series of annual reports comparing business regulation in 190 economies, Doing Business 2020 measures aspects of regulation affecting 10 areas of everyday business activity.




Did Botswana Escape from the Resource Curse?


Book Description

Botswana is typical of the countries that are endowed with abundant natural resources. Although it is commonly accepted that resource-rich economies tend to fail in accelerating growth, Botswana has experienced the most remarkable economic performance in the region. Using the latest cross-country data, this study empirically readdresses the question of whether resource abundance can contribute to growth. It finds that governance determines the extent to which the growth effects of resource wealth can materialize. In developing countries in particular, the quality of regulation, such as the predictability of changes of regulations, and anticorruption policies, such as transparency and accountability in the public sector, are most important for effective natural resource management and growth.




World Report 2019


Book Description

The best country-by-country assessment of human rights. The human rights records of more than ninety countries and territories are put into perspective in Human Rights Watch's signature yearly report. Reflecting extensive investigative work undertaken by Human Rights Watch staff, in close partnership with domestic human rights activists, the annual World Report is an invaluable resource for journalists, diplomats, and citizens, and is a must-read for anyone interested in the fight to protect human rights in every corner of the globe.




Guidelines for Essential Trauma Care


Book Description

Injury is an increasingly significant health problem throughout the world, accounting for 16 per cent of the global burden of disease. The public health burden of death and disability from injury is particularly notable in low and middle income countries. These guidelines seek to establish practical and affordable standards applicable to injury or trauma care worldwide, whether in rural health posts, small hospitals, hospitals staffed by specialists or tertiary care centres. It sets out a list of key trauma treatment services designed to be achievable in all settings, and defines the various human and physical resources required. It also includes a number of recommendations for methods to promote such standards including training, performance improvement, trauma team organisation and hospital inspection.




Making Politics Work for Development


Book Description

Governments fail to provide the public goods needed for development when its leaders knowingly and deliberately ignore sound technical advice or are unable to follow it, despite the best of intentions, because of political constraints. This report focuses on two forces—citizen engagement and transparency—that hold the key to solving government failures by shaping how political markets function. Citizens are not only queueing at voting booths, but are also taking to the streets and using diverse media to pressure, sanction and select the leaders who wield power within government, including by entering as contenders for leadership. This political engagement can function in highly nuanced ways within the same formal institutional context and across the political spectrum, from autocracies to democracies. Unhealthy political engagement, when leaders are selected and sanctioned on the basis of their provision of private benefits rather than public goods, gives rise to government failures. The solutions to these failures lie in fostering healthy political engagement within any institutional context, and not in circumventing or suppressing it. Transparency, which is citizen access to publicly available information about the actions of those in government, and the consequences of these actions, can play a crucial role by nourishing political engagement.