Case Studies in Atomic Collision Physics


Book Description

Case Studies in Atomic Collision Physics II focuses on studies on the role of atomic collision processes in astrophysical plasmas, including ionic recombination, electron transport, and position scattering. The book first discusses three-body recombination of positive and negative ions, as well as introduction to ionic recombination, calculation of the recombination coefficient, ions recombining in their parent gas, and three-body recombination at moderate and high gas-densities. The manuscript also takes a look at precision measurements of electron transport coefficients and differential cross sections in electron impact ionization. The publication examines the interpretation of spectral intensities from laboratory and astrophysical plasmas, atomic processes in astrophysical plasmas, and polarized orbital approximations. Discussions focus on collision rate experiments, line spectrum, collisional excitation and ionization, polarized target wave function, and application to positron scattering and annihilation. The text also ponders on cross sections and electron affinities and the role of metastable particles in collision processes. The selection is a valuable source of data for physicists and readers interested in atomic collision.










Case Studies in Atomic Physics 4


Book Description

Case Studies in Atomic Physics IV presents a collection of six case studies in atomic physics. The first study deals with the correspondence identities associated with the Coulomb potential: the Rutherford scattering identity, the Bohr-Sommerfeld identity, and the Fock identity. The second paper reviews advances in recombination. This is followed by a three-part study on relativistic self-consistent field (SCF) calculations. The first part considers relativistic SCF calculations in general, and in particular discusses different configurational averaging techniques and various statistical exchange approximations. The second part reviews the relativistic theory of hyperfine structure. The third part makes a number of comparisons between experimental results and values obtained in different SCF schemes, with exact as well as approximate exchange. The next case study on pseudopotentials compares the results of model potential and pseudopotential calculations. The final study reviews, on a kinetic basis, the behavior of low density ion swarms in a neutral gas.




Applied Atomic Collision Physics


Book Description

Applied Atomic Collision Physics, Volume 1: Atmospheric Physics and Chemistry focuses on the applications of atomic collision physics in atmospheric physics and chemistry. The emphasis is on the physics of the upper atmospheres of the earth and planets as well as astrophysics, including solar physics, the physics of planetary nebulae, and reactions in interstellar space. Comprised of 12 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the structure of the earth's atmosphere and its environment in interplanetary space, along with the structure of the terrestrial atmosphere at middle latitudes. The discussion then turns to the photochemistry of the midlatitude ionosphere; the thermal balance in the thermosphere at middle latitudes; atomic collisions in the lower ionosphere at midlatitudes; and airglow and auroras. Subsequent chapters explore the high latitude ionosphere, the exosphere, and the magnetosphere; the ionospheres of the planets and other bodies of the solar system; atmospheric processes involved in the stratospheric ozone problem; and solar physics. The final two chapters are concerned with applications to the physics of planetary nebulae and interstellar space. This book will be of interest to physicists and chemists.




Theory of Slow Atomic Collisions


Book Description

The theory of atom-molecule collisions is one of the basic fields in chemi cal physics. Its most challenging part - the dynamics of chemical reactions - is as yet unresolved, but is developing very quickly. It is here a great help to have an analysis of those parts of collision theory which are already complete, a good example being the theory of atomic collisions in process es specific to chemical physics. It has long been observed that many notions of this theory can also be applied successfully to reactive and unreactive molecular collisions. More over, atomic collisions often represent a touchstone in testing approaches proposed for the solution of more complicated problems. Research on the theory of slow atomic collisions carried out at the Moscow Institute of Chemical Physics has been based on just these ideas. A general viewpoint concerning the setting up and representation of the theory came out of these studies, and appeared to be useful in studying complicated systems as well. It underlies the representation of the theory of slow atomic colli sions in this book.




Atomic and Molecular Collision Theory


Book Description

Until recently, the field of atomic and molecular collisions was left to a handful of practitioners who essentially explored it as a branch of atomic physics and gathered their experimental re sults mainly from spectroscopy measurements in bulk. But in the past ten years or so, all of this has dramatically changed, and we are now witnessing the rapid growth of a large body of research that encompasses the simplest atoms as well as the largest mole cules, that looks at a wide variety of phenomena well outside purely spectroscopic observation, and that finds applications in an unexpectedly broad range of physico-chemical and physical pro cesses. The latter are in turn surprisingly close to very important sectors of applied research, such as the modeling of molecular lasers, the study of isotope separation techniques, and the energy losses in confined plasmas, to mention just a few of them. As a consequence of this healthy state of affairs, greatly diversified research pathways have developed; however, their specialized problems are increasingly at risk of being viewed in isolation, although they are part of a major and extended branch of physics or chemistry. This is particularly true when it comes to the theory of this work -- where well-established methods and models of one subfield are practically unknown to researchers in other subfields -- and, consequently, the danger of wasteful duplication arising is quite real.




Coherence and Correlation in Atomic Collisions


Book Description

H. KLEINPOPPEN AND J. F. WILLIAMS It has only very recently become possible to study angular correlations and coherence effects in different areas of atomic collision processes: These investigations have provided us with an analysis of experimental data in terms of scattering amplitudes and their phases, of target parameters such as orientation, alignment, and state multipoles, and also of coherence parameters (e. g. , the degree of coherence of excita tion). In this way the analysis of electron-photon, ion-photon, atom-photon, or electron-ion coincidences from electron-atom, ion-atom, or atom-atom collisional excitation has led to a breakthrough such that the above quantities represent most crucial and sensitive tests for theories of atomic collision processes. Similarly, the powerful (e, 2e) experiments (electron-electron coincidences from impact ionization of atoms) have attracted much attention where improved experimental studies and detailed theoretical description provide a wealth of information on either the col lisional ionization process or the atomic structure of the target atom. Interference effects, many-electron correlations, and energy and angular momen tum exchange between electrons in a Coulomb field playa decisive role in the under standing of postcollision interactions. New results on coherence effects and orienta tion and alignment in collisional processes of ions with surfaces and crystal lattices show links to relevant interference phenomena in atomic collisions. In small-angle elastic electron-atom scattering the effect of angular coherence can be studied in a crossed beam experiment.




Rarefied Gas Flows and Dynamic Plasma Phenomena in Electric Propulsion Systems


Book Description

Zu den aktuellen Entwicklungen in der Raumfahrtindustrie zählen das stetig wachsende Interesse an miniaturisierten Satelliten sowie der immer häufigere Einsatz elektrischer Antriebssysteme zu allgemeinen Lage- und Bahnregelungszwecken. Die Entwicklung miniaturisierter Satelliten erfordert ihrerseits den Einsatz von Antriebssystemen, die sehr kleine und präzise zu steuernde Schubkräfte erzeugen. Vor diesem Hintergrund stellen elektrische Triebwerke eine attraktive Option dar, die Antriebsanforderungen von Satelliten sowohl in herkömmlichen als auch in miniaturisierten Größen langfristig zu erfüllen. Bei miniaturisierten Satelliten sind die Schubanforderungen oft mit niedrigen Treibstoff-Massenstromwerten und verhältnismäßig kleinen geometrischen charakteristischen Längen verbunden. Dies kann zu verdünnten Gaszuständen innerhalb der Triebwerksdüsen führen. Wegen der hohen Komplexität der Plasmaphänomene innerhalb elektrischer Triebwerke sowie der typischerweise hohen Rechenanforderungen, die mit der Plasmamodellierung einhergehen, werden elektrische Antriebssysteme oft auf Basis empirischer Modelle und experimenteller Daten entwickelt. Der Fokus der vorliegenden Arbeit liegt auf den oben beschriebenen Herausforderungen und den dazugehörigen Forschungsfeldern: der Untersuchung verdünnter Gaszustände in transsonischen Strömungen sowie der Entwicklung numerischer Modellierungsansätze zur Beschreibung des Plasmaverhaltens innerhalb elektrischer Antriebssysteme. New trends regarding fundamental design approaches of orbital spacecraft have been developing in the space industry in recent years. They include an increased interest in miniaturized satellites as well as a general rise in the use of electric propulsion systems for orbit and attitude control. The successful implementation of miniaturized satellites requires the use of propulsion devices able to provide small and precise thrust and impulse levels. One technical solution able to meet the requirements of both standard-sized as well as miniaturized spacecraft involves the use of highly efficient and precise electric propulsion systems. In the particular case of miniaturized satellites, the propulsion requirements are often associated with low propellant mass flow rates and small characteristic geometrical lengths, potentially leading to the appearance of rarefied conditions inside the nozzles of the propulsion devices. Because of the high complexity of the plasma phenomena taking place inside such systems and the usually very high computational requirements associated with their numerical modelling, electric propulsion systems for space applications are usually designed based on empirical models and experimental data. The present work focuses on two key aspects outlined above: rarefied gas conditions in transonic micronozzle flows as well as the numerical modelling of plasma phenomena inside electric propulsion systems.




Atomic and Molecular Processes in Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion


Book Description

The NATO Advanced Study Institute on "Atomic and Molecular Processes in Controlled TheI'IllOnuclear Fusion" was held at Chateau de Bonas, Castera-Verduzan, Gel's, France, from 13th to 24th August 1979, and this volume contains the text of the invited lectures. The Institute was supported by the Scientific Affairs Division of NATO, and additional support was received from EURATOM and the United States National Science Foundation. The Institute was attended by 88 scientists, all of whom were active research workers in control of thermonuclear plasmas, 01' atomic and molecular physics, 01' both. In addition to the formal lectures, printed in this volume, which were intended to be pedagogic, more than twenty research seminars were given by participants. The first half of the Institute was directed to introducing atomic and molecular theoretical and experimental physicists to the physics of controlled thermonuclear fusion. Most attention was paid to magnetic confinement, and within that field, to tokamaks. MI'.