Challenges and Directions Forward for Dealing with the Complexity of Future Smart Cyber–Physical Systems


Book Description

A key aspect of cyber-physical systems (CPS) is their potential for integrating information technologies with embedded control systems and physical systems to form new or improved functionalities. CPS thus draws upon advances in many areas. This positioning provides unprecedented opportunities for innovation, both within and across existing domains. However, at the same time, it is commonly understood that we are already stretching the limits of existing methodologies. In embarking towards CPS with such unprecedented capabilities, it becomes essential to improve our understanding of CPS complexity and how we can deal with it. Complexity has many facets, including complexity of the CPS itself, of the environments in which the CPS acts, and in terms of the organizations and supporting tools that develop, operate, and maintain CPS. This book is a result of a journal Special Issue, with the objective of providing a forum for researchers and practitioners to exchange their latest achievements and to identify critical issues, challenges, opportunities, and future directions for how to deal with the complexity of future CPS. The contributions include 10 papers on the following topics: (I) Systems and Societal Aspects Related to CPS and Their Complexity; (II) Model-Based Development Methods for CPS; (III) CPS Resource Management and Evolving Computing Platforms; and (IV) Architectures for CPS.




Complexity Challenges in Cyber Physical Systems


Book Description

Offers a one-stop reference on the application of advanced modeling and simulation (M&S) in cyber physical systems (CPS) engineering This book provides the state-of-the-art in methods and technologies that aim to elaborate on the modeling and simulation support to cyber physical systems (CPS) engineering across many sectors such as healthcare, smart grid, or smart home. It presents a compilation of simulation-based methods, technologies, and approaches that encourage the reader to incorporate simulation technologies in their CPS engineering endeavors, supporting management of complexity challenges in such endeavors. Complexity Challenges in Cyber Physical Systems: Using Modeling and Simulation (M&S) to Support Intelligence, Adaptation and Autonomy is laid out in four sections. The first section provides an overview of complexities associated with the application of M&S to CPS Engineering. It discusses M&S in the context of autonomous systems involvement within the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). The second section provides a more detailed description of the challenges in applying modeling to the operation, risk and design of holistic CPS. The third section delves in details of simulation support to CPS engineering followed by the engineering practices to incorporate the cyber element to build resilient CPS sociotechnical systems. Finally, the fourth section presents a research agenda for handling complexity in application of M&S for CPS engineering. In addition, this text: Introduces a unifying framework for hierarchical co-simulations of cyber physical systems (CPS) Provides understanding of the cycle of macro-level behavior dynamically arising from spaciotemporal interactions between parts at the micro-level Describes a simulation platform for characterizing resilience of CPS Complexity Challenges in Cyber Physical Systems has been written for researchers, practitioners, lecturers, and graduate students in computer engineering who want to learn all about M&S support to addressing complexity in CPS and its applications in today’s and tomorrow’s world.




Principles of Modeling


Book Description

This Festschrift is published in honor of Edward A. Lee, Robert S. Pepper Distinguished Professor Emeritus and Professor in the Graduate School in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences at the University of California, Berkeley, USA, on the occasion of his 60th birthday. The title of this Festschrift is “Principles of Modeling" because Edward A. Lee has long been devoted to research that centers on the role of models in science and engineering. He has been examining the use and limitations of models, their formal properties, their role in cognition and interplay with creativity, and their ability to represent reality and physics. The Festschrift contains 29 papers that feature the broad range of Edward A. Lee’s research topics; such as embedded systems; real-time computing; computer architecture; modeling and simulation, and systems design.




Cyber-Physical Systems


Book Description

In cyber-physical systems (CPS), sensors and embedded systems are networked together to monitor and manage a range of physical processes through a continuous feedback system. This allows distributed computing using wireless devices. Cyber-Physical Systems-A Computational Perspective examines various developments of CPS that are impacting our daily




Secure and Trusted Cyber Physical Systems


Book Description

This book highlights the latest design and development of security issues and various defences to construct safe, secure and trusted Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). In addition, the book presents a detailed analysis of the recent approaches to security solutions and future research directions for large-scale CPS, including its various challenges and significant security requirements. Furthermore, the book provides practical guidance on delivering robust, privacy, and trust-aware CPS at scale. Finally, the book presents a holistic insight into IoT technologies, particularly its latest development in strategic applications in mission-critical systems, including large-scale Industrial IoT, Industry 4.0, and Industrial Control Systems. As such, the book offers an essential reference guide about the latest design and development in CPS for students, engineers, designers, and professional developers.




Cyber-Physical Systems of Systems


Book Description

This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. Technical Systems-of-Systems (SoS) – in the form of networked, independent constituent computing systems temporarily collaborating to achieve a well-defined objective – form the backbone of most of today’s infrastructure. The energy grid, most transportation systems, the global banking industry, the water-supply system, the military equipment, many embedded systems, and a great number more, strongly depend on systems-of-systems. The correct operation and continuous availability of these underlying systems-of-systems are fundamental for the functioning of our modern society. The 8 papers presented in this book document the main insights on Cyber-Physical System of Systems (CPSoSs) that were gained during the work in the FP7-610535 European Research Project AMADEOS (acronym for Architecture for Multi-criticality Agile Dependable Evolutionary Open System-of-Systems). It is the objective of this book to present, in a single consistent body, the foundational concepts and their relationships. These form a conceptual basis for the description and understanding of SoSs and go deeper in what we consider the characterizing and distinguishing elements of SoSs: time, emergence, evolution and dynamicity.




Access Control Models and Architectures For IoT and Cyber Physical Systems


Book Description

This book presents cybersecurity aspects of ubiquitous and growing IoT and Cyber Physical Systems. It also introduces a range of conceptual, theoretical, and foundational access control solutions. This was developed by the authors to provide an overall broader perspective and grounded approach to solve access control problems in IoT and CPS. The authors discuss different architectures, frameworks, access control models, implementation scenarios, and a broad set of use-cases in different IoT and CPS domains. This provides readers an intuitive and easy to read set of chapters. The authors also discuss IoT and CPS access control solutions provided by key industry players including Amazon Web Services (AWS) and Google Cloud Platform (GCP). It provides extensions of the authors proposed fine grained solutions with these widely used cloud and edge supported platforms. This book is designed to serve the computer science and the cybersecurity community including researchers, academicians and students. Practitioners who have a wider interest in IoT, CPS, privacy and security aspects will also find this book useful. Thanks to the holistic planning and thoughtful organization of this book, the readers are expected to gain in-depth knowledge of the state-of-the-art access control architectures and security models for resilient IoT and CPS.




Living in a networked world


Book Description

The rapid progress of information technology allows for increasingly powerful software intensive embedded systems (machines) executing integrated applications connected by and to global networks. Thus these systems are more and more networked among each other, but also with data and services on the Internet. Intelligent solutions originate which gather processes of the living environment by means of sensors and actuators, connect them to virtual software worlds and interpret, monitor and control these processes in interaction with people. In this way, so-called Cyber-Physical Systems evolve – a living in a networked world. The interlocking applications include smart cities, social infrastructures with integrated telemedicine care, enhanced connected mobility with fully or semi-autonomous driving cars and traffic systems, safety, security and privacy as well as networked production and the sustainable energy turnaround. The integrated research agenda Cyber-Physical-Systems (agendaCPS) provides a comprehensive overview of the capabilities and benefits of the arising CPS-applications and manifold technological and social challenges involved. The agenda illustrates which value the subject for economy and society has: revolutionary applications of Cyber-Physical Systems address technological and social trends and needs; at the same time they penetrate and interconnect more and more areas of life. On the basis of concrete future scenarios essential application domains are shown. Their analysis reveals which capabilities and technologies form the basis of Cyber-Physical systems and which innovation and possible conflict potential is inherent. The agendaCPS makes clear which researchand action areas are from particular importance. In these contexts opportunities, but also risks become apparent for Germany by Cyber-Physical Systems. This ist the English translation of the report agenda Cyber-Physical Systems finished three years ago as a German acatech project by a German publication.




Cyber-Physical Systems


Book Description

Cyber-Physical Systems: Foundations, Principles and Applications explores the core system science perspective needed to design and build complex cyber-physical systems. Using Systems Science's underlying theories, such as probability theory, decision theory, game theory, organizational sociology, behavioral economics, and cognitive psychology, the book addresses foundational issues central across CPS applications, including System Design -- How to design CPS to be safe, secure, and resilient in rapidly evolving environments, System Verification -- How to develop effective metrics and methods to verify and certify large and complex CPS, Real-time Control and Adaptation -- How to achieve real-time dynamic control and behavior adaptation in a diverse environments, such as clouds and in network-challenged spaces, Manufacturing -- How to harness communication, computation, and control for developing new products, reducing product concepts to realizable designs, and producing integrated software-hardware systems at a pace far exceeding today's timeline. The book is part of the Intelligent Data-Centric Systems: Sensor-Collected Intelligence series edited by Fatos Xhafa, Technical University of Catalonia. Indexing: The books of this series are submitted to EI-Compendex and SCOPUS - Includes in-depth coverage of the latest models and theories that unify perspectives, expressing the interacting dynamics of the computational and physical components of a system in a dynamic environment - Focuses on new design, analysis, and verification tools that embody the scientific principles of CPS and incorporate measurement, dynamics, and control - Covers applications in numerous sectors, including agriculture, energy, transportation, building design and automation, healthcare, and manufacturing




Fog Computing in the Internet of Things


Book Description

This book describes state-of-the-art approaches to Fog Computing, including the background of innovations achieved in recent years. Coverage includes various aspects of fog computing architectures for Internet of Things, driving reasons, variations and case studies. The authors discuss in detail key topics, such as meeting low latency and real-time requirements of applications, interoperability, federation and heterogeneous computing, energy efficiency and mobility, fog and cloud interplay, geo-distribution and location awareness, and case studies in healthcare and smart space applications.