Low-Dimensional Conductors and Superconductors


Book Description

Research activities in low dimensional conductors have shown a rapid growth since 1972 and have led to the discovery of new and remarkable phy sical properties unique to both molecular and inorganic conductors exhibi ting one-dimensional transport behaviour. This NATO Institute was a conti nuation of aseries of NATO Advanced Study Institutes of Worshops which took place at regular intervals till 1979. This is the first time, however, that charge density wave transport and electronic properties of low dimen sional organic conductors are treated on an equal footing. The program of the Institute was framed by tutorial lectures in the theories and experiments of low dimensional conductors. The bulk of the course covered two series of low-dimensional mate rials with their respective properties. 1) The I-D inorganic conductors exhibiting the phenomena of sliding charge density waves, narrow band noise, memory effects, etc ..• 2) Low-dimensional crystallized organic conductors giving rise to various possibilities of ground states, spin-Peierls, spin density wave, Peierls, superconductivity and magnetic-field induced spin density wave, etc ... Since it has been established from the beginning that this Institute was to be devoted essentially to the Physics of Low Dimensional Conductors, only one main course summarized the progress in chemistry and material preparation.




Charge Density Waves in Solids


Book Description

The latest addition to this series covers a field which is commonly referred to as charge density wave dynamics.The most thoroughly investigated materials are inorganic linear chain compounds with highly anisotropic electronic properties. The volume opens with an examination of their structural properties and the essential features which allow charge density waves to develop.The behaviour of the charge density waves, where interesting phenomena are observed, is treated both from a theoretical and an experimental standpoint. The role of impurities in statics and dynamics is considered and an examination of the possible role of solitons in incommensurate charge density wave systems is given. A number of ways to describe charge density waves theoretically, using computer simulations as well as microscopical models, are presented by a truely international board of authors.




Emergent States in Photoinduced Charge-Density-Wave Transitions


Book Description

This book advances understanding of light-induced phase transitions and nonequilibrium orders that occur in a broken-symmetry system. Upon excitation with an intense laser pulse, materials can undergo a nonthermal transition through pathways different from those in equilibrium. The mechanism underlying these photoinduced phase transitions has long been researched, but many details in this ultrafast, non-adiabatic regime still remain to be clarified. The work in this book reveals new insights into this phenomena via investigation of photoinduced melting and recovery of charge density waves (CDWs). Using several time-resolved diffraction and spectroscopic techniques, the author shows that the light-induced melting of a CDW is characterized by dynamical slowing-down, while the restoration of the symmetry-breaking order features two distinct timescales: A fast recovery of the CDW amplitude is followed by a slower re-establishment of phase coherence, the latter of which is dictated by the presence of topological defects in the CDW. Furthermore, after the suppression of the original CDW by photoexcitation, a different, competing CDW transiently emerges, illustrating how a hidden order in equilibrium can be unleashed by a laser pulse. These insights into CDW systems may be carried over to other broken-symmetry states, such as superconductivity and magnetic ordering, bringing us one step closer towards manipulating phases of matter using a laser pulse.







Density Waves In Solids


Book Description

?Density Waves in Solids is written for graduate students and scientists interested in solid-state sciences. It discusses the theoretical and experimental state of affairs of two novel types of broken symmetry ground states of metals, charge, and spin density waves. These states arise as the consequence of electron-phonon and electron-electron interactions in low-dimensional metals.Some fundamental aspects of the one-dimensional electron gas, and of the materials with anisotropic properties, are discussed first. This is followed by the mean field theory of the phases transitions?discussed using second quantized formalism?together with the various experimental observations on the transition and on the ground states. Fluctuation effects and the collective excitations are reviewed next, using the Ginzburg-Landau formalism, followed by the review of the interaction of these states with the underlying lattice and with impurities. The final chapters are devoted to the response of the ground states to external perturbations.




Density Waves In Solids


Book Description

?Density Waves in Solids is written for graduate students and scientists interested in solid-state sciences. It discusses the theoretical and experimental state of affairs of two novel types of broken symmetry ground states of metals, charge, and spin density waves. These states arise as the consequence of electron-phonon and electron-electron interactions in low-dimensional metals.Some fundamental aspects of the one-dimensional electron gas, and of the materials with anisotropic properties, are discussed first. This is followed by the mean field theory of the phases transitions?discussed using second quantized formalism?together with the various experimental observations on the transition and on the ground states. Fluctuation effects and the collective excitations are reviewed next, using the Ginzburg-Landau formalism, followed by the review of the interaction of these states with the underlying lattice and with impurities. The final chapters are devoted to the response of the ground states to external perturbations.




Theory of Crystal Dislocations


Book Description




Electronic Properties of Inorganic Quasi-One-Dimensional Compounds


Book Description

The close relationship between experimentalists and theorists – whether solid state chemists or physicists – has, in the last few years, inspired much research in the field of materials with quasi one-dimensional structures. Part II of this two-volume set deals with the experimental treatment of pseudo-one-dimensional conductors. Included are contributions on platinum chains, (SN)x and (SNBry)x, the optical properties of 1-D inorganic metals, CDW transport in transition metal chalcogenides, and a lattice dynamical study of transition metal trichalcogenides.




Magnetism of Molecular Conductors


Book Description

This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Magnetism of Molecular Conductors" that was published in Magnetochemistry




Theoretical Aspects of Band Structures and Electronic Properties of Pseudo-One-Dimensional Solids


Book Description

This volume presents a sequence of articles which describe the theoretical treat ments of investigating the fundamental features in the electronic structures and properties of typical quasi-one-dimensional solids; organic conductor TTF-TCNQ, polyacetylene, metallic and superconducting polymer (SN)n and linear chain chal cogenides and halides of transition elements including NbSe3' The aim of this volume is not to present an exhaustive review but rather to touch on a selective class of problems which appear to be fundamental for typical quasi-one-dimensional solids. Thus the topics in this volume are rather confined to the key basic properties of quasi-one-dimensional systems. The quasi-one-dimensional solids are one of the most extensively investigated subjects in current physics, chemistry and materials science. These materials are unique in attracting a broad range of scientists, chemists, experimental and theore tical physicists, materials scientists and engineers. In 1954 Frohlich constructed a theory of superconductivity based on a one-dimensional model of moving charge density waves. In 1955 Peierls predicted that anyone-dimensional metal is unstable against the distortion of a periodic lattice so that a metal-nonmetal transition occurs at a certain temperature for a one-dimensional metal. According to these theories a gap is opened at the Fermi surfaces of one-dimensional conductors at low tempera tures and the charge density wave is created in connection with the occurrence of the gap.