Chemical Reactions in Solvents and Melts


Book Description

Chemical Reactions in Solvents and Melts discusses the use of organic and inorganic compounds as well as of melts as solvents. This book examines the applications in organic and inorganic chemistry as well as in electrochemistry. Organized into two parts encompassing 15 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the general properties and the different types of reactions, including acid–base reactions, complex formation reactions, and oxidation–reduction reactions. This text then describes the properties of inert and active solvents. Other chapters consider the proton transfer reactions in polar solvents as well as the transfer of other ions. This book discusses as well the solubility in a number of solvents by the formation of different bonds between the solute and the solvent molecule. The final chapter deals with the general characteristics of the oxidation–reduction reactions of melts. This book is a valuable resource for chemists, students, and researchers.




Oxoacidity: Reactions of Oxo-compounds in Ionic Solvents


Book Description

The generally accepted definitions of acids and bases together with the generalized definition for the solvent system introduced by the author for the description of both molecular and ionic solvents are discussed. The oxobasicity index introduced as a measure of relative oxoacidic properties of ionic melts (pIL) and methods of its determination are presented. Moreover, the oxoacidity scales of ionic melts based on alkali metal halides at different temperatures are constructed. The sequential addition method (SAM), proposed by the author to investigate the effect of oxide particle size on oxide solubilities is presented. This book is meant for specialists developing theoretical and applied aspects of molten salt chemistry, acid-base theories and solubility phenomena. It will also be useful for those chemists who wish to extend their knowledge of physical and solution chemistry. - First book devoted to oxoacids and oxobases - Aimed at specialists developing theoretical and applied aspects of molten salt chemistry, acid-base theories and solubility phenomena - The perfect handbook for beginners looking for preliminary knowledge about methods of investigation




Chemistry in Aqueous and Non-aqueous Solvents


Book Description

Contents: Aqueous Solution Chemistry, Acids and Bases, Solute-Solvent Interactions, Chemistry in Protonic Solvents Liquid Ammonia, Liquid Hydrogen, Fluoride, Sulphuric, Acid, Liquid, Hydrogen, Cyanide, Acetic Acid and Liquid Hydrogen Sulphide, Non- Protonic Solvents Liquid Dinitrogen Tetroxide, Liquid Sulphur, Dioxide and Liquid Halides.




Basic Techniques of Preparative Organic Chemistry


Book Description

Basic Techniques of Preparative Organic Chemistry covers a detailed guide for carrying out the procedures commonly needed in preparative organic chemistry. The book discusses the nature of organic reactions; the basic principles of preparative organic chemistry; unit operations; and good laboratory practice. The text then provides a review of apparatus and equipment and describes the potential hazards involved in a chemical operation, such as toxicity, bodily injuries, smoking, fire, explosion, and implosion. Techniques and unit operations for carrying out a reaction and for isolating and purifying a reaction product; and the criteria for and methods of assessing purity are also considered. The book further tackles packing and storing products and samples and making reports and communications. Students taking organic chemistry courses will find the text useful.




Chemistry 2e


Book Description

Chemistry 2e is designed to meet the scope and sequence requirements of the two-semester general chemistry course. The textbook provides an important opportunity for students to learn the core concepts of chemistry and understand how those concepts apply to their lives and the world around them. The book also includes a number of innovative features, including interactive exercises and real-world applications, designed to enhance student learning. The second edition has been revised to incorporate clearer, more current, and more dynamic explanations, while maintaining the same organization as the first edition. Substantial improvements have been made in the figures, illustrations, and example exercises that support the text narrative. Changes made in Chemistry 2e are described in the preface to help instructors transition to the second edition.




Geological Melts


Book Description

Volume 87 of Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry covers fundamental aspects of the nature of silicate melts and the implications for the systems in which they participate, both technological and natural. The contents of this volume may perhaps best be summarized as structure – properties – dynamics. The volume contains syntheses of short and medium range order, structure-property relationships, and computation-based simulations of melt structure. It continues with analyses of the properties (mechanical, diffusive, thermochemical, redox, nucleation, rheological) of melts. The dynamic behavior of melts in magmatic and volcanic systems, is then treated in the context of their behavior in magma mixing, strain localization, frictional melting, magmatic fragmentation, and hot sintering. Finally, the non-magmatic, extraterrestrial and prehistoric roles of melt and glass are presented in their respective contexts.










Springer Handbook of Crystal Growth


Book Description

Over the years, many successful attempts have been chapters in this part describe the well-known processes made to describe the art and science of crystal growth, such as Czochralski, Kyropoulos, Bridgman, and o- and many review articles, monographs, symposium v- ing zone, and focus speci cally on recent advances in umes, and handbooks have been published to present improving these methodologies such as application of comprehensive reviews of the advances made in this magnetic elds, orientation of the growth axis, intro- eld. These publications are testament to the grow- duction of a pedestal, and shaped growth. They also ing interest in both bulk and thin- lm crystals because cover a wide range of materials from silicon and III–V of their electronic, optical, mechanical, microstructural, compounds to oxides and uorides. and other properties, and their diverse scienti c and The third part, Part C of the book, focuses on - technological applications. Indeed, most modern ad- lution growth. The various aspects of hydrothermal vances in semiconductor and optical devices would growth are discussed in two chapters, while three other not have been possible without the development of chapters present an overview of the nonlinear and laser many elemental, binary, ternary, and other compound crystals, KTP and KDP. The knowledge on the effect of crystals of varying properties and large sizes. The gravity on solution growth is presented through a c- literature devoted to basic understanding of growth parison of growth on Earth versus in a microgravity mechanisms, defect formation, and growth processes environment.




Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry


Book Description

Now in its 4th edition, this book remains the ultimate reference for all questions regarding solvents and solvent effects in organic chemistry. Retaining its proven concept, there is no other book which covers the subject in so much depth, the handbook is completely updated and contains 15% more content, including new chapters on "Solvents and Green chemistry", "Classification of Solvents by their Environmental Impact", and "Ionic Liquids". An essential part of every organic chemist's library.