Chinese Tomb Figurines


Book Description

Soldiers and servants, ministers and jesters: for more than a thousand years wood or clay models were entombed as a part of Chinese burial rituals. From the vast armies of the second century BC to the elegant ladies and exquisite furnishings of later dynasties, tomb figurines hold the keys to a world long hidden below ground. This book provides a well-illustrated introduction to the charm and artistry of Chinese tomb figurines. The author, an expert in Chinese sculptural traditions, traces the figures' development from the Han to the Song dynasties, exploring the beliefs and practices surrounding them, identifying common characteristics, and locating the sculptures in the larger world of Chinese artistic tradition. Although kin to the terracotta soldiers of Qin Shihuang's army, tomb figurines more often re-create scenes from daily life: pigsties and granaries that bring us back to a time of agricultural simplicity; musicians, dancers, and elegant courtiers that joined the noble dead in passage to the other world. These uniquely detailed figures, alive with movement and displaying the fashions of their times, reproduce a world long past and provide an extraordinary three-dimensional perspective on their nation's history.




Chinese Tomb Figures


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Chinese Tomb Figures


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Chinese Tomb Pottery Figures


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The Four Gods Figurines as Tomb Guardians


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This book employs a biographical approach to comprehensively study a set of Tang era-tomb guardian figurines, known as the Four Gods (Sishen), comprising a pair of warriors (Dangkuang and Dangye) and a pair of hybrid beasts (Zuming and Dizhou). These objects were exclusively used by officials until 841 AD and were mainly found in capitals then. They disappeared in the 9th century AD. The book is divided into three sections. Part one focuses on their symbolism through names, images, burial contexts, associated ritual regulations, and the interplay of all of these, revealing their dual significance – apotropaic and political, tied to ritual propriety, nuo exorcism, yin-yang divination, and more. Part two explores their connection to other supernatural tomb figurines in the early and middle Tang periods, challenging previous theories and highlighting regional standardization. Additionally, this part delves into the Four Gods’ regulated production, government oversight, and role in funerary processions. Part three examines their disappearance due to shifting views on the afterlife and diminishing national power. It also explores changes in the usage of related tomb objects after the Tang era, focusing on protective functions and spatial concepts.




Art of the Yellow Springs


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We might think the Egyptians were the masters of building tombs, but no other civilization has devoted more time and resources to underground burial structures than the Chinese. For at least five thousand years, from the fourth millennium B.C.E. to the early twentieth century, the Chinese have been building some of the world’s most elaborate tombs and furnishing them with exquisite objects. It is these objects and the concept of the tomb as a “treasure-trove” that The Art of the Yellow Springs seeks to critique, drawing on recent scholarship to examine memorial sites the way they were meant to be experienced: not as a mere store of individual works, but as a work of art itself. Wu Hung bolsters some of the new trends in Chinese art history that have been challenging the conventional ways of studying funerary art. Examining the interpretative methods themselves that guide the study of memorials, he argues that in order to understand Chinese tombs, one must not necessarily forget the individual works present in them—as the beautiful color plates here will prove—but consider them along with a host of other art-historical concepts. These include notions of visuality, viewership, space, analysis, function, and context. The result is a ground-breaking new assessment that demonstrates the amazing richness of one of the longest-running traditions in the whole of art history.







Chinese tomb figures


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Spirit and Ritual


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