Clean Steel Technology - Fundamental to the Development of High Performance Steels


Book Description

The use of clean steel technology (low sulfur with calcium treatment for inclusion shape control) is a fundamental building block in the development of high performance plate steels. A brief review will be presented of the benefits of calcium treatment and its effect on non-metallic inclusions (sulfides and oxides) and reducing sulfur levels. During the past thirty years the requirements for low sulfur levels have been reduced from 0.010% maximum to 0.001% maximum. The effects of clean steel practices on specific properties will be reviewed including tensile ductility, Charpy V-notch and fracture toughness, fatigue crack propagation and hydrogen-induced-cracking resistance. Traditional low sulfur plate steel applications have included pressure vessels, offshore platforms, plastic injection molds and line-pipe skelp. More recent applications will be discussed including bridge steels, high strength structural steels to 130 ksi (897 MPa) minimum yield strength, 9% nickel steels for cryogenic applications, and military armor.




Advances in the Production and Use of Steel with Improved Internal Cleanliness


Book Description

Proceedings of the May 1998 symposium on steel, stainless steel, and related alloys. Emphasizing the effect on the products rather than manufacturing methods, seven papers show that the level of inclusion identification and control through processing improvements is greatly dependent upon the sector




Advanced Steels


Book Description

"Advanced Steels: The Recent Scenario in Steel Science and Technology" contains more than 50 articles selected from the proceedings of the International Conference on Advanced Steels (ICAS) held during 9-11, Nov, 2010 in Guilin, China. This book covers almost all important aspects of steels from physical metallurgy, steel grades, processing and fabrication, simulation, to properties and applications. The book is intended for researchers and postgraduate students in the field of steels, metallurgy and materials science. Prof. Yuqing Weng is an academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering and the president of The Chinese Society for Metals. Prof. Han Dong is the vice president of Central Iron & Steel Research Institute and the director of National Engineering Research Center of Advanced Steel Technology, China. Prof. Yong Gan is an academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering, the vice president of Chinese Academy of Engineering and the president of Central Iron & Steel Research Institute, China.




High-speed Steel


Book Description




Tundish Technology For Clean Steel Production


Book Description

Continuous casting of steel has become a widely used process and an important step in steel production. The worldwide share of continuously cast steel has increased significantly in the last 25 years or so. However, concurrent with this increase in production levels are stringent quality requirements that have become crucial in the face of progressively increasing machine throughputs and larger product dimensions. As a result, steel cleanliness and strict composition control are now the primary concern of steelmakers.The tundish is the last metallurgical vessel through which molten metal flows before solidifying in the continuous casting mold. During the transfer of metal through the tundish, molten steel interacts with refractories, slag, and the atmosphere. Thus, the proper design and operation of a tundish are important for delivering steel of strict composition and quality. This pioneering book is the first of its kind to cover all aspects of tundish technology, ranging from fundamental aspects and theory necessary for understanding the basic concepts of tundish operations to operational aspects of the tundish. Written by internationally recognized experts in continuous casting technology in general and tundish technology in particular, this book is sufficiently fundamental to serve as a graduate-level textbook on process metallurgy or as an important reference for metallurgical researchers; at the same time, it is comprehensive enough to contribute to the understanding of scientists and engineers engaged in research and development in the steel industry.




High-Speed Steel


Book Description

Excerpt from High-Speed Steel: The Development, Nature, Treatment, and Use, of High-Speed Steels, Together With Some, Suggestions as to the Problems, Involved in Their Use The entire subject is so recent, however, and astonishing developments have followed one another with such bewildering rapidity, that the aecom plishing of this purpose presented many difficulties. Almost every steel man knows the practical impossibility of obtaining detailed information concem ing tool steels which is absolutely accurate and reliable. The personal equation and a multitude of other factors commonly accounted negligible, so much affect results that the assertion might be safely hazarded that all conclusions as to method and means in steel treatment are subject to allowances for these elements. Thus, for illustration, two different plants operated by the some concern make large use of the barium process in hardening. At one the temperature commonly maintained and indicated by the pyrometer is 1200 degrees C. (2200 while at the other an instrument of the same make and calibrated with equal care uniformly indicates only 1070 degrees C. (1950 F.) and yet as far as can be seen by the eye of an experienced operator, familiar with both plants, the two baths are kept at identical temperatures. Certain it is that results equally good are obtained at both plants. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.







High Performance Steels for Structural Applications


Book Description

Proceedings of the 1995 International Symposium oh High Performance Steels for Structural Applications ASM Materials Week '95, Cleveland, OH. This book provides solutions for meeting the demands of designers and end-users for high performance structural steels used in bridges, buildings, off-shore platforms, construction and mining equipment, ships and railroad cars. Papers focus on carbon, alloy and stainless steels, both designer and end user perspectives, as well as thermo-mechanical control processing, welding and weldability, and microalloying.




The World of Steel


Book Description

The world of steel is constantly evolving and has become astonishingly diverse, indeed so complex that it is not easy to keep track of it in practice. The aim is to give readers an understanding of this world, from steelmaking, ingot and continuous casting, forming and machining to finishing, testing and packaging of the products, the processes and equipment predominantly used throughout, including the environmentally compatible recycling and disposal of waste.




Calcium Clean Steel


Book Description

In contemporary materials technology, some areas are considered particularly exciting: the "new materials" like ceramics and amorphous metals, revolutionary procedures to fabricate or to analyze materials-in short: everything which is now commonly labelled "high tech". It should be kept in mind, however, that also in the foreseeable future basic materials such as steel, light alloys or concrete will constitute the solid backbone of engineering and building. Science and technology of these traditional materials is characterized by a dynamic evolution aiming at higher quality and reliability at lower production costs, and at continuous adaptation to advanced production technologies. Progress in this technical evolution is closely linked to the application of scientific fundamentals. This book by T. Ototani presents an excellent example for this important area of development. The process metallurgy of steel, being a complex sequence of reactions like reduction, decarburization, deoxidation, desulphurization, alloying, etc. , is to be regarded as a system of operations designed to produce a high quality steel with well defined properties in very large amounts with a maximum of technical and economic efficiency. The text, written by a well known Japanese expert, presents insight into the chemistry of the application of calcium for the production of clean steel, into the thermodynamic equilibria involved, the kinetics of dissolution and reaction, the formation, morphology and separation of inclusions, and the technological properties of the steels obtained by this method.