Climate Change and Food Security with Emphasis on Wheat


Book Description

Climate Change and Food Security with Emphasis on Wheat is the first book to present the full scope of research in wheat improvement, revealing the correlations to global issues including climate change and global warming which contribute to food security issues. Wheat plays a key role in the health of the global economy. As the world population continuously increases, economies modernize, and incomes rise, wheat production will have to increase dramatically to secure it as a reliable and sustainable food source. Since covering more land area with wheat crops is not a sustainable option, future wheat crops must have consistently higher yields and be able to resist and/or tolerate biotic and abiotic stresses that result from climate change. Addressing the biophysical and socioeconomic constraints of producing high-yielding, disease-resistant, and good quality wheat, this book will aid in research efforts to increase and stabilize wheat production worldwide. Written by an international team of experts, Climate Change and Food Security with Emphasis on Wheat is an excellent resource for academics, researchers, and students interested in wheat and grain research, especially as it is relevant to food security. - Covers a wide range of disciplines, including plant breeding, genetics, agronomy, physiology, pathology, quantitative genetics and genomics, biotechnology and gene editing - Explores the effect of climate change on biotic stresses (stripe rust, stem rust, leaf rust, Karnal bunt, spot blotch) on wheat production and utilization of biotechnology - Focuses on whole genome sequencing and next-generation sequencing technologies to improve wheat quality and address the issue of malnutrition in developing world




Climate Change and Crop Production


Book Description

Agricultural, botanical, and social scientists from the four quarters of the world address the impact of climate change on crop productivity, some approaches to adapt plants to both biotic and abiotic stresses, and measures to reduce greenhouse gases. They cover predictions of climate change within the context of agriculture, adapting to biotic and abiotic stresses through crop breeding, sustainable and resource-conserving technologies for adapting to and mitigating climate change, and new tools for enhancing crop adaptation to climate change. Specific topics include economic impacts of climate change on agriculture to 2030, breeding for adaptation to heat and drought stress, managing resident soil microbial community structure and function to suppress the development of soil-borne diseases, and applying geographical information systems (GIS) and crop simulation modeling in climate change research.




Climate Change and the Global Harvest


Book Description

This book analyzes and elucidates the nature of predictable changes on the world's agricultural system caused by the so-called greenhouse effect. Its aim is to educate students at the undergraduate level about how the climatic factors affecting agriculture may be modified in the future, andwhat practical adaptations might be undertaken to prevent or overcome any possible adverse impacts on our ability to feed the world's population. The book draws on several complimentary disciplines, including atmospheric science, hydrology, soil science, crop physiology, and resource economics, andintegrates the relevant aspects of these fields.




Climate Variability Effects on Texas Wheat Yield


Book Description

Wheat offers winter forage for cattle grazing and is one of the most valuable cash crops in Texas. Yields averaged 30.5 bushels per acre, with a maximum of 37 bushels and a minimum of 24 bushels in 2007 and 2006, respectively. In 2020, the U.S. ranked fifth for wheat production worldwide, while Texas ranked ninth within the U.S. About 40-45% of the wheat produced in the U.S. is used domestically, and 55-60% is exported overseas. Winter wheat yields can be impacted by the various impacts of climate change, which can eventually impact farmers’ income. Rising temperatures and fluctuating precipitation have been observed globally over several decades. Considering changes in climate, farmers will have to adjust their strategies to keep up with changes in weather patterns and changes in the market. The objective of this research is to evaluate the impacts of climate change on Texas winter wheat yield. The data for this research includes yield, prices, soil, management strategies, and climate factors, including precipitation and temperature, from sixteen wheat-producing counties in Texas. Data collection comes from the National Agricultural Statistical Service (NASS), the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), and the Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRSIM). Graphs, correlations, and projection analysis will present how factors have an impact on winter wheat yields. Agricultural Policy Environmental eXtender (APEX) and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project-Phase 5 (CMIP 5) are used in this study to determine the most reasonable future trajectory of Texas winter wheat yields. The APEX model has been successfully calibrated to simulate winter wheat crop yields. This study contributes to the understanding of climate change’s impact on yields and farm incomes by projecting their impacts on wheat yields in Texas. Results indicated that yields are expected to decrease due to the impacts of future climate change. In the RCP4.5 scenario, when temperatures are expected to increase 4 to 6 °F, simulated projections resulted in a 44.44% yield decrease during the 2046-2070 time period compared to the Historical PRISM baseline from 1981 to 2005. Maximum yield increases were 43.48% under the PRISM 1981-2017 and the Historical CMIP5 1956-1980 scenarios under the same baseline. Results compared to the PRISM 1981 to 2017 baseline depicted a maximum wheat yield decrease of 54.55% under the RCP4.5 2046-2070 time period scenario. The maximum yield increase of 20% compared to this baseline came from the Historical PRISM 1981-2005 time period scenario. The projected changes in climate will be detrimental to some winter wheat growing areas but also improve crop growth in other areas. Overall, yields will not be as heavily impacted as projected.




Wheat


Book Description

Discussing the latest processes involved in researching yield generation, Wheat: Ecology and Physiology of Yield Determination will help you design various types of crop production systems for maximum yield. Featuring information on developing high-yielding, low-input, and quality-oriented systems, this book offers you both physiological and ecological approaches that will help you understand the crop as well as increase its production. Discussing aspects of wheat growth for specific regions around the world, Wheat provides you with information that will improve the size and quality of your crops, including: how temperature, vernalization, and the photoperiod affect the development of wheat using the correct amount of nitrogen fertilizers for wheat crops an explanation of the reproduction and nitrogen cycles of wheat how elements and conditions such as lipids, proteins, nitrogen, and climate enhance grain quality estimating and determining optimal sowing dates examining factors that may affect wheat yield-density relationships, such as planting arrangement and date of sowing preventing seed decay and examining effects of mildews and leaf blights examining historical trends of the crop to see what further research needs to be done You'll also receive information on the genetic gains in wheat research that are improving the physiological traits and numerical components of this essential grain. Within Wheat, you'll find data and methods from international experts in the field that will improve the yield and growth of the world's most important crop.




Quantification of Climate Variability, Adaptation and Mitigation for Agricultural Sustainability


Book Description

This book is a comprehensive volume dealing with climate change impacts on agriculture, and which can help guide the redesign of agricultural management and cropping systems. It includes mitigation techniques such as use of bioenergy crops, fertilizer and manure management, conservation tillage, crop rotations, cover crops and cropping intensity, irrigation, erosion control, management of drained wetlands, lime amendments, residue management, biochar and biotechnology. It also includes Management of GHG emissions Crop models as decision support tools QTL analysis Crop water productivity Impacts of drought on cereal crops Silvopastoral systems Changing climate impact on wheat-based cropping systems of South Asia Phosphorous dynamics under changing climate Role of bioinformatics The focus of the book is climate change mitigation to enhance sustainability in agriculture. We present various kinds of mitigation options, ways to minimize GHG emissions and better use of the latest techniques in conservation and environmental-sustainability.




Wheat Improvement


Book Description

This open-access textbook provides a comprehensive, up-to-date guide for students and practitioners wishing to access in a single volume the key disciplines and principles of wheat breeding. Wheat is a cornerstone of food security: it is the most widely grown of any crop and provides 20% of all human calories and protein. The authorship of this book includes world class researchers and breeders whose expertise spans cutting-edge academic science all the way to impacts in farmers' fields. The book's themes and authors were selected to provide a didactic work that considers the background to wheat improvement, current mainstream breeding approaches, and translational research and avant garde technologies that enable new breakthroughs in science to impact productivity. While the volume provides an overview for professionals interested in wheat, many of the ideas and methods presented are equally relevant to small grain cereals and crop improvement in general. The book is affordable, and because it is open access, can be readily shared and translated -- in whole or in part -- to university classes, members of breeding teams (from directors to technicians), conference participants, extension agents and farmers. Given the challenges currently faced by academia, industry and national wheat programs to produce higher crop yields -- often with less inputs and under increasingly harsher climates -- this volume is a timely addition to their toolkit.