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Cognitive Reasoning

Author : Oleg M. Anshakov

Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media

Page : 424 pages

File Size : 46,13 MB

Release : 2010-03-11

Category : Computers

ISBN : 3540688757

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Book Description

Dealing with uncertainty, moving from ignorance to knowledge, is the focus of cognitive processes. Understanding these processes and modelling, designing, and building artificial cognitive systems have long been challenging research problems. This book describes the theory and methodology of a new, scientifically well-founded general approach, and its realization in the form of intelligent systems applicable in disciplines ranging from social sciences, such as cognitive science and sociology, through natural sciences, such as life sciences and chemistry, to applied sciences, such as medicine, education, and engineering. The main subject developed in the book is cognitive reasoning investigated at three levels of abstraction: conceptual, formal, and realizational. The authors offer a model of a cognizing agent for the conceptual theory of cognitive reasoning, and they also present a logically well-founded formal cognitive reasoning framework to handle the various plausible reasoning methods. They conclude with an object model of a cognitive engine. The book is suitable for researchers, scientists, and graduate students working in the areas of artificial intelligence, mathematical logic, and philosophy.



Neural-Symbolic Cognitive Reasoning

Author : Artur S. D'Avila Garcez

Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media

Page : 200 pages

File Size : 37,50 MB

Release : 2009

Category : Computers

ISBN : 3540732454

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Book Description

This book explores why, regarding practical reasoning, humans are sometimes still faster than artificial intelligence systems. It is the first to offer a self-contained presentation of neural network models for many computer science logics.



Cognitive Illusions

Author : Rüdiger F Pohl

Publisher : Psychology Press

Page : 521 pages

File Size : 17,95 MB

Release : 2016-07-22

Category : Psychology

ISBN : 1317448286

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Book Description

Cognitive Illusions explores a wide range of fascinating psychological effects in the way we think, judge and remember in our everyday lives. Featuring contributions from leading researchers, the book defines what cognitive illusions are and discusses their theoretical status: are such illusions proof for a faulty human information-processing system, or do they only represent by-products of otherwise adaptive cognitive mechanisms? Throughout the book, background to phenomena such as illusions of control, overconfidence and hindsight bias are discussed, before considering the respective empirical research, potential explanations of the phenomenon, and relevant applied perspectives. Each chapter also features the detailed description of an experiment that can be used as classroom demonstration. Featuring six new chapters, this edition has been thoroughly updated throughout to reflect recent research and changes of focus within the field. This book will be of interest to students and researchers of cognitive illusions, specifically, those focusing on thinking, reasoning, decision-making and memory.



Diagrammatic Reasoning

Author : B. Chandrasekaran

Publisher : Menlo Park, Calif. : AAAI Press

Page : 816 pages

File Size : 17,40 MB

Release : 1995

Category : Computers

ISBN :

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Book Description

foreword by Herbert Simon Diagrammatic reasoning -- the understanding of concepts and ideas by the use of diagrams and imagery, as opposed to linguistic or algebraic representations -- not only allows us to gain insight into the way we think, but is a potential base for constructing representations of diagrammatic information that can be stored and processed by computers.Diagrammatic Reasoning brings together recent investigations into the cognitive, the logical, and particularly the computational characteristics of diagrammatic representations and the reasoning that can be done with them. Following a foreword by Herbert Simon and an introduction by the editors, twenty-seven chapters provide an overview of the recent history of the subject, survey and extend the underlying theory of diagrammatic representation, and provide numerous examples of diagrammatic reasoning (human and mechanical) that illustrate both its powers and its limitations.Each of the book's four sections (Historical and Philosophical Background, Theoretical Foundations, Cognitive and Computational Models, and Problem Solving with Diagrams) begins with an introduction by an eminent researcher. These introductions provide interesting personal perspectives as well as place the work in the proper context.Distributed for AAAI Press



Human Reasoning and Cognitive Science

Author : Keith Stenning

Publisher : MIT Press

Page : 422 pages

File Size : 14,54 MB

Release : 2012-01-13

Category : Medical

ISBN : 0262293536

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Book Description

A new proposal for integrating the employment of formal and empirical methods in the study of human reasoning. In Human Reasoning and Cognitive Science, Keith Stenning and Michiel van Lambalgen—a cognitive scientist and a logician—argue for the indispensability of modern mathematical logic to the study of human reasoning. Logic and cognition were once closely connected, they write, but were “divorced” in the past century; the psychology of deduction went from being central to the cognitive revolution to being the subject of widespread skepticism about whether human reasoning really happens outside the academy. Stenning and van Lambalgen argue that logic and reasoning have been separated because of a series of unwarranted assumptions about logic. Stenning and van Lambalgen contend that psychology cannot ignore processes of interpretation in which people, wittingly or unwittingly, frame problems for subsequent reasoning. The authors employ a neurally implementable defeasible logic for modeling part of this framing process, and show how it can be used to guide the design of experiments and interpret results.



Model-Based Reasoning in Science and Technology

Author : Lorenzo Magnani

Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media

Page : 633 pages

File Size : 21,56 MB

Release : 2013-08-31

Category : Science

ISBN : 364237428X

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Book Description

This book contains contributions presented during the international conference on Model-Based Reasoning (MBR ́012), held on June 21-23 in Sestri Levante, Italy. Interdisciplinary researchers discuss in this volume how scientific cognition and other kinds of cognition make use of models, abduction, and explanatory reasoning in order to produce important or creative changes in theories and concepts. Some of the contributions analyzed the problem of model-based reasoning in technology and stressed the issues of scientific and technological innovation. The book is divided in three main parts: models, mental models, representations; abduction, problem solving and practical reasoning; historical, epistemological and technological issues. The volume is based on the papers that were presented at the international



Knowledge Engineering

Author : Gheorghe Tecuci

Publisher : Cambridge University Press

Page : 481 pages

File Size : 33,69 MB

Release : 2016-09-08

Category : Business & Economics

ISBN : 1107122562

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Book Description

Using robust software, this book focuses on learning assistants for evidence-based reasoning that learn complex problem solving from humans.



Workbook for Reasoning Skills

Author : Susan Howell Brubaker

Publisher :

Page : 0 pages

File Size : 27,33 MB

Release : 1983

Category : Aphasic persons

ISBN : 9780814317600

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Book Description

Directed to the rehabilitation of language dysfunction and cognitive disorders related to neurological impairment. Language tasks have been created to carry over from the clinical environment to the real world by employing the basic language and vocabulary skills used in daily activities. The exercises are appropriate for children of varying grades, brain-damaged or normal, aswell as adults.



ABC of Clinical Reasoning

Author : Nicola Cooper

Publisher : John Wiley & Sons

Page : 84 pages

File Size : 11,17 MB

Release : 2022-11-07

Category : Medical

ISBN : 1119871530

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Book Description

ABC of Clinical Reasoning Being a good clinician is not only about knowledge — how doctors and other healthcare professionals think, reason, and make decisions is arguably their most critical skill. The second edition of the ABC of Clinical Reasoning breaks down clinical reasoning into its core components and explores each of these in more detail, including the applications for clinical practice, teaching, and learning. Informed by the latest evidence from cognitive psychology, education, and studies of expertise, this edition has been extensively re-written and updated, and covers: Key components of clinical reasoning: evidence-based history and examination, choosing and interpreting diagnostic tests, problem identification and management, and shared decision-making Key concepts in clinical reasoning, such dual process theories, and script theory Situativity and human factors Metacognition and cognitive strategies Teaching clinical reasoning From a team of expert authors, the ABC of Clinical Reasoning is essential reading for all students, clinical teachers, curriculum planners and clinicians involved in diagnosis. About the ABC series The ABC series has been designed to help you access information quickly and deliver the best patient care, and remains an essential reference tool for GPs, junior doctors, medical students and healthcare professionals. Now offering over 80 titles, this extensive series provides you with a quick and dependable reference on a range of topics in all the major specialties. The ABC series is the essential and dependable source of up-to-date information for all practitioners and students in primary healthcare. To receive automatic updates on books and journals in your specialty, join our email list. Sign up today at www.wiley.com/email



Model-Based Reasoning in Science and Technology

Author : Lorenzo Magnani

Publisher : Springer

Page : 674 pages

File Size : 24,25 MB

Release : 2016-07-01

Category : Philosophy

ISBN : 3319389831

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Book Description

This book discusses how scientific and other types of cognition make use of models, abduction, and explanatory reasoning in order to produce important or creative changes in theories and concepts. It includes revised contributions presented during the international conference on Model-Based Reasoning (MBR’015), held on June 25-27 in Sestri Levante, Italy. The book is divided into three main parts, the first of which focuses on models, reasoning and representation. It highlights key theoretical concepts from an applied perspective, addressing issues concerning information visualization, experimental methods and design. The second part goes a step further, examining abduction, problem solving and reasoning. The respective contributions analyze different types of reasoning, discussing various concepts of inference and creativity and their relationship with experimental data. In turn, the third part reports on a number of historical, epistemological and technological issues. By analyzing possible contradictions in modern research and describing representative case studies in experimental research, this part aims at fostering new discussions and stimulating new ideas. All in all, the book provides researchers and graduate students in the field of applied philosophy, epistemology, cognitive science and artificial intelligence alike with an authoritative snapshot of current theories and applications of model-based reasoning.