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Comparative Diagnostic Pharmacology

Author : C.P. Coyne

Publisher : John Wiley & Sons

Page : 935 pages

File Size : 31,5 MB

Release : 2008-01-09

Category : Medical

ISBN : 0470344296

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Book Description

Comparative Diagnostic Pharmacology: Clinical and Research Applications in Living-System Models is the first evidence-based reference text devoted exclusively to the subject of applying pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical agents as diagnostic probes in clinical medicine and investigative research.This unique and groundbreaking book is a versatile guide for clinicians and researchers interested in using pharmacologic agents to: Diagnose disease Assess physiological processes Identify the appropriateness of a therapeutic agent Determine appropriate dosing for therapeutic use. Extensively referenced and organized by major body systems, individual topics are listed in an evidence-based format according to specific disease processes or physiological processes of interest. Each entry also includes information on the mechanism of action, administration, and diagnostic interpretation. Descriptions have been provided for the application of diagnostic pharmaceuticals to assess a wide spectrum of diseases and physiological processes relevant to the fields of veterinary and human medicine. Comparative Diagnostic Pharmacology is useful not merely for pharmaceutical-oriented research investigations, but it will also prove invaluable for the monitoring and evaluation of physiological responses and disease processes in animal models.



Developing a Protocol for Observational Comparative Effectiveness Research: A User's Guide

Author : Agency for Health Care Research and Quality (U.S.)

Publisher : Government Printing Office

Page : 236 pages

File Size : 45,20 MB

Release : 2013-02-21

Category : Medical

ISBN : 1587634236

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Book Description

This User’s Guide is a resource for investigators and stakeholders who develop and review observational comparative effectiveness research protocols. It explains how to (1) identify key considerations and best practices for research design; (2) build a protocol based on these standards and best practices; and (3) judge the adequacy and completeness of a protocol. Eleven chapters cover all aspects of research design, including: developing study objectives, defining and refining study questions, addressing the heterogeneity of treatment effect, characterizing exposure, selecting a comparator, defining and measuring outcomes, and identifying optimal data sources. Checklists of guidance and key considerations for protocols are provided at the end of each chapter. The User’s Guide was created by researchers affiliated with AHRQ’s Effective Health Care Program, particularly those who participated in AHRQ’s DEcIDE (Developing Evidence to Inform Decisions About Effectiveness) program. Chapters were subject to multiple internal and external independent reviews. More more information, please consult the Agency website: www.effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov)



Modern Methods of Clinical Investigation

Author : Institute of Medicine

Publisher : National Academies Press

Page : 241 pages

File Size : 49,73 MB

Release : 1990-02-01

Category : Medical

ISBN : 0309042860

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Book Description

The very rapid pace of advances in biomedical research promises us a wide range of new drugs, medical devices, and clinical procedures. The extent to which these discoveries will benefit the public, however, depends in large part on the methods we choose for developing and testing them. Modern Methods of Clinical Investigation focuses on strategies for clinical evaluation and their role in uncovering the actual benefits and risks of medical innovation. Essays explore differences in our current systems for evaluating drugs, medical devices, and clinical procedures; health insurance databases as a tool for assessing treatment outcomes; the role of the medical profession, the Food and Drug Administration, and industry in stimulating the use of evaluative methods; and more. This book will be of special interest to policymakers, regulators, executives in the medical industry, clinical researchers, and physicians.



Improving Diagnosis in Health Care

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Publisher : National Academies Press

Page : 473 pages

File Size : 40,92 MB

Release : 2015-12-29

Category : Medical

ISBN : 0309377722

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Book Description

Getting the right diagnosis is a key aspect of health care - it provides an explanation of a patient's health problem and informs subsequent health care decisions. The diagnostic process is a complex, collaborative activity that involves clinical reasoning and information gathering to determine a patient's health problem. According to Improving Diagnosis in Health Care, diagnostic errors-inaccurate or delayed diagnoses-persist throughout all settings of care and continue to harm an unacceptable number of patients. It is likely that most people will experience at least one diagnostic error in their lifetime, sometimes with devastating consequences. Diagnostic errors may cause harm to patients by preventing or delaying appropriate treatment, providing unnecessary or harmful treatment, or resulting in psychological or financial repercussions. The committee concluded that improving the diagnostic process is not only possible, but also represents a moral, professional, and public health imperative. Improving Diagnosis in Health Care, a continuation of the landmark Institute of Medicine reports To Err Is Human (2000) and Crossing the Quality Chasm (2001), finds that diagnosis-and, in particular, the occurrence of diagnostic errorsâ€"has been largely unappreciated in efforts to improve the quality and safety of health care. Without a dedicated focus on improving diagnosis, diagnostic errors will likely worsen as the delivery of health care and the diagnostic process continue to increase in complexity. Just as the diagnostic process is a collaborative activity, improving diagnosis will require collaboration and a widespread commitment to change among health care professionals, health care organizations, patients and their families, researchers, and policy makers. The recommendations of Improving Diagnosis in Health Care contribute to the growing momentum for change in this crucial area of health care quality and safety.



The Prevention and Treatment of Missing Data in Clinical Trials

Author : National Research Council

Publisher : National Academies Press

Page : 163 pages

File Size : 46,38 MB

Release : 2010-12-21

Category : Medical

ISBN : 030918651X

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Book Description

Randomized clinical trials are the primary tool for evaluating new medical interventions. Randomization provides for a fair comparison between treatment and control groups, balancing out, on average, distributions of known and unknown factors among the participants. Unfortunately, these studies often lack a substantial percentage of data. This missing data reduces the benefit provided by the randomization and introduces potential biases in the comparison of the treatment groups. Missing data can arise for a variety of reasons, including the inability or unwillingness of participants to meet appointments for evaluation. And in some studies, some or all of data collection ceases when participants discontinue study treatment. Existing guidelines for the design and conduct of clinical trials, and the analysis of the resulting data, provide only limited advice on how to handle missing data. Thus, approaches to the analysis of data with an appreciable amount of missing values tend to be ad hoc and variable. The Prevention and Treatment of Missing Data in Clinical Trials concludes that a more principled approach to design and analysis in the presence of missing data is both needed and possible. Such an approach needs to focus on two critical elements: (1) careful design and conduct to limit the amount and impact of missing data and (2) analysis that makes full use of information on all randomized participants and is based on careful attention to the assumptions about the nature of the missing data underlying estimates of treatment effects. In addition to the highest priority recommendations, the book offers more detailed recommendations on the conduct of clinical trials and techniques for analysis of trial data.



Handbook of EHealth Evaluation

Author : Francis Yin Yee Lau

Publisher :

Page : 487 pages

File Size : 37,73 MB

Release : 2016-11

Category : Medical care

ISBN : 9781550586015

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Book Description

To order please visit https://onlineacademiccommunity.uvic.ca/press/books/ordering/



Advanced Pharmacology for Prescribers

Author : Brent Q. Luu, PharmD, BCPS, BCACP

Publisher : Springer Publishing Company

Page : 659 pages

File Size : 21,54 MB

Release : 2021-01-13

Category : Medical

ISBN : 0826195474

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Book Description

Delivers the critical information primary care providers need to be thoroughly informed prescribers This unique resource—an evidence-based pharmacology text and reference for advanced practice students and clinicians—guides users in analyzing the pharmacological foundations of drug therapy and fosters the development of sound clinical judgment in determining the appropriate medication for every patient across the lifespan. Targeting the specific needs of APRN and PA students and clinicians, the text is a “bridge” between standard, lengthy pharmacology texts and quick pocket references that lack information regarding key pharmacotherapy principles. Featuring an applied therapeutic approach to major disorders and their pharmacologic treatment, the book examines how medications act on the body and visa versa, while teaching the rationale for using specific therapeutic agents or drug classes. Each chapter includes case studies that apply the concepts discussed, relevant diagnostic studies, applicable guidelines, genomics, and important lifespan considerations. Of special interest is a chapter on pharmacogenetics explaining the basic principles underlying our current understanding of genetic variations in response to pharmacotherapy and adverse drug reactions. Easily digestible chapters include objectives and review questions. Ancillary resources include an instructor manual with learning objectives, chapter summaries, and case studies; chapter PowerPoint slides; test bank; and image bank. Key Features: Delivers an applied, evidence-based foundation on the basic science underlying prescribing Targets the specific needs of APRN and PA students and professionals and related healthcare providers Provides clinical decision-making tools and principles to support sound prescribing judgment Focuses on synthesizing drugs to manage commonly occurring disorders Includes strategies for addressing the needs of specific populations throughout the lifespan Includes abundant case studies illuminating key concepts Includes a robust instructor manual with learning objectives, chapter summaries, and case studies; PowerPoint slides; test bank; and image bank. Purchase includes access to the eBook for use on most mobile devices or computers.



Initial National Priorities for Comparative Effectiveness Research

Author : Institute of Medicine

Publisher : National Academies Press

Page : 252 pages

File Size : 29,55 MB

Release : 2009-11-14

Category : Medical

ISBN : 0309138361

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Book Description

Clinical research presents health care providers with information on the natural history and clinical presentations of disease as well as diagnostic and treatment options. In today's healthcare system, patients, physicians, clinicians and family caregivers often lack the sufficient scientific data and evidence they need to determine the best course of treatment for the patients' medical conditions. Initial National Priorities for Comparative Effectiveness Research(CER) is designed to fill this knowledge gap by assisting patients and healthcare providers across diverse settings in making more informed decisions. In this 2009 report, the Institute of Medicine's Committee on Comparative Effectiveness Research Prioritization establishes a working definition of CER, develops a priority list of research topics, and identifies the necessary requirements to support a robust and sustainable CER enterprise. As part of the 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, Congress appropriated $1.1 billion in federal support of CER, reflecting legislators' belief that better decisions about the use of health care could improve the public's health and reduce the cost of care. The Committee on Comparative Effectiveness Research Prioritization was successful in preparing a list 100 top priority CER topics and 10 recommendations for best practices in the field.



Atlas of Comparative Diagnostic and Experimental Hematology

Author : Clifford Smith

Publisher : John Wiley & Sons

Page : 164 pages

File Size : 11,11 MB

Release : 2011-08-15

Category : Medical

ISBN : 1405171073

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Book Description

A vital resource on blood and bone marrow cell morphology in laboratory animal medicine. This fully revised new edition is an essential reference for clinical pathologists in diagnostic laboratories, and medical or veterinary research. The atlas contains over 400 color images of cells from the peripheral blood and bone marrow from a variety of animals encountered in laboratory animal medicine, in health and disease. Key features: New chapter on flow cytometry and its application in terms of routine analyses as a means of identifying abnormalities in cell marker expression, which is of particular relevance for pre-clinical safety assessment Covers the most recent developments in laboratory animal hematology, including parameters measured by the latest generation of analyzers Coverage of a wide range of laboratory animal species, as well as those used in clinical veterinary trials Photomicrographs present normal and abnormal blood cells from a variety of hematological conditions along with descriptive text



Pharmacology for the Health Care Professions

Author : Christine M. Thorp

Publisher : John Wiley & Sons

Page : 376 pages

File Size : 19,93 MB

Release : 2008-09-15

Category : Science

ISBN : 9780470696903

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Book Description

Pharmacology for the Health Care Professions is an accessible introduction to the pharmacology necessary for health care professionals training to be non-medical prescribers looking for an overview of the subject. The book covers the pharmacology necessary for accredited training programmes in non-medical prescribing and certification in access and supply of prescription-only medicines and will be useful as an ongoing reference for future use in practice. Opening with a general introduction to pharmacology as a science, the book goes on to explain what is meant by drugs and medicines and why pharmacology should be of relevance to health care professionals. The reader is presented with general principles of pharmacology followed by systemic pharmacology that covers the actions of important groups of drugs in common use to treat diseases and conditions of the cardiovascular, respiratory, endocrine, musculoskeletal, skin and central nervous systems. The physiology and pathophysiology relevant to the understanding of how these drugs work is included. Finally the book explores the law in relation to the sale, supply, administration and prescription of drugs and explains what is meant by non-medical prescribing. All aspects of non-medical prescribing are considered including the use of exemptions to the Medicines Act, patient group directions, supplementary prescribing and the development of independent prescribing for nurses and pharmacists. Pharmacology is explained in simple, easy to understand terms and the book avoids any unnecessary chemistry where possible. Case studies that are of particular relevance to health care professionals are used throughout to illustrate the importance of the pharmacology major body systems and pathologies and the potential problems of adverse drug reactions and drug-drug interactions.