Low Power Hardware Synthesis from Concurrent Action-Oriented Specifications


Book Description

Human lives are getting increasingly entangled with technology, especially comp- ing and electronics. At each step we take, especially in a developing world, we are dependent on various gadgets such as cell phones, handheld PDAs, netbooks, me- cal prosthetic devices, and medical measurement devices (e.g., blood pressure m- itors, glucometers). Two important design constraints for such consumer electronics are their form factor and battery life. This translates to the requirements of reduction in the die area and reduced power consumption for the semiconductor chips that go inside these gadgets. Performance is also important, as increasingly sophisticated applications run on these devices, and many of them require fast response time. The form factor of such electronics goods depends not only on the overall area of the chips inside them but also on the packaging, which depends on thermal ch- acteristics. Thermal characteristics in turn depend on peak power signature of the chips. As a result, while the overall energy usage reduction increases battery life, peak power reduction in?uences the form factor. One more important aspect of these electronic equipments is that every 6 months or so, a newer feature needs to be added to keep ahead of the market competition, and hence new designs have to be completed with these new features, better form factor, battery life, and performance every few months. This extreme pressure on the time to market is another force that drives the innovations in design automation of semiconductor chips.




Concurrent Hardware


Book Description

Examines the theory and design of self-timed systems. The logical design of self-timed circuits (STCs) provides a focal point for, on the one hand, those interested in formal models of parallel computation and, on the other, hardware designers. The approach taken by the authors is to address general issues concerning the very nature of concurrency, as well as to demonstrate the particular features of asynchronous design. The book presents formal models of the specification and verification of parallel processes and describes methods for self-timed circuit synthesis and analysis. It is augmented by a demonstration-version of a CAD system called FORCAGE which consists of subsystems of behavior verification, self-timed circuit analysis and synthesis. The system can be run on a PC.




Concurrent Programming on Windows


Book Description

This practical book includes a tutorial of the entire set of Windows and .NET APIs required to write concurrent programs. Because so much of the threading and synchronization features of the platform are Windows-general, the author, Joe Duffy, focuses first on the general behavior and then on the API details of native and managed code. Interspersed among the tutorial are many difficult-to-discover, useful insights, and internal details about how things work.




Concurrent Computations


Book Description

The 1987 Princeton Workshop on Algorithm, Architecture and Technology Issues for Models of Concurrent Computation was organized as an interdisciplinary work shop emphasizing current research directions toward concurrent computing systems. With participants from several different fields of specialization, the workshop cov ered a wide variety of topics, though by no means a complete cross section of issues in this rapidly moving field. The papers included in this book were prepared for the workshop and, taken together, provide a view of the broad range of issues and alternative directions being explored. To organize the various papers, the book has been divided into five parts. Part I considers new technology directions. Part II emphasizes underlying theoretical issues. Communication issues, which are ad dressed in the majority of papers, are specifically highlighted in Part III. Part IV includes papers stressing the fault tolerance and reliability of systems. Finally, Part V includes systems-oriented papers, where the system ranges from VLSI circuits through powerful parallel computers. Much of the initial planning of the workshop was completed through an informal AT&T Bell Laboratories group consisting of Mehdi Hatamian, Vijay Kumar, Adri aan Ligtenberg, Sailesh Rao, P. Subrahmanyam and myself. We are grateful to Stuart Schwartz, both for the support of Princeton University and for his orga nizing local arrangements for the workshop, and to the members of the organizing committee, whose recommendations for participants and discussion topics were par ticularly helpful. A. Rosenberg, and A. T.




Architectures, Languages and Techniques for Concurrent Systems


Book Description

During the past fifteen years concurrency in programming languages such as Java rose and fell, and again became popular. At this moment developers advise us to avoid concurrency in programming. They are using a host of deprecated methods in the latest releases How are we to understand the love-hate relationship with what should be a widely used approach of tackling real-world problems? The aim of rchitectures, Languages and Techniques is to encourage the safe, efficient and effective use of parallel computing. It is generally agreed that concurrency is found in most real applications and that it should be natural to use concurrency in programming. However, there has grown up a myth that concurrency is "hard" and only for the hardened expert. The papers collected in this book cover the whole spectrum of concurrency, from theoretical underpinnings to applications. The message passing style of concurrency, developed in the Communicating Sequential Processes (CSP) approach, is considered, and extensions are proposed. CSP's realization in the programming language occam is used directly for applications as diverse as modeling of concurrent systems and the description of concurrent hardware. This latter application may be compared to the use of Java for the same purpose. Concurrency and the use of Java is the subject of further papers, as is the provision of CSP-like facilities in Java and C and techniques to use these languages to construct reliable concurrent systems. At a time when concurrency gives headaches, this book brings a welcome breath of fresh air. Concurrency can really be a positive way forward.




Concurrent Patterns and Best Practices


Book Description

A definitive guide to mastering and implementing concurrency patterns in your applications Key FeaturesBuild scalable apps with patterns in multithreading, synchronization, and functional programmingExplore the parallel programming and multithreading techniques to make the code run fasterEfficiently use the techniques outlined to build reliable applicationsBook Description Selecting the correct concurrency architecture has a significant impact on the design and performance of your applications. This book explains how to leverage the different characteristics of parallel architecture to make your code faster and more efficient. To start with, you'll understand the basic concurrency concepts and explore patterns around explicit locking, lock free programming, futures & actors. Then, you'll get insights into different concurrency models and parallel algorithms and put them to practice in different scenarios to realize your application's true potential. We'll take you through multithreading design patterns, such as master, slave, leader, follower, map-reduce, and monitor, also helping you to learn hands-on coding using these patterns. Once you've grasped all of this, you'll move on to solving problems using synchronizer patterns. You'll discover the rationale for these patterns in distributed & parallel applications, followed by studying how future composition, immutability and the monadic flow help create more robust code. Toward the end of the book, you'll learn about the actor paradigm and actor patterns - the message passing concurrency paradigm. What you will learnExplore parallel architecture Get acquainted with concurrency models Internalize design themes by implementing multithreading patterns Get insights into concurrent design patterns Discover design principles behind many java threading abstractions Work with functional concurrency patternsWho this book is for This is a must-have guide for developers who want to learn patterns to build scalable and high-performing apps. It’s assumed that you already have a decent level of programming knowledge.




The Concurrent C Programming Language


Book Description

Concurrent C is a superset of C that provides parallel programming facilities such as those for the declaring and creating processes, for process synchronization and interaction, and for process termination and abortion. Concurrent C was designed for the effective utilization of multiprocessors and multicomputers. Concurrent C, as a compile-time option, also works with C++, an object-oriented superset of C.




Concurrent Engineering: Tools and Technologies for Mechanical System Design


Book Description

These proceedings contain lectures presented at the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Concurrent Engineering Tools and Technologies for Mechanical System Design held in Iowa City, Iowa, 25 May -5 June, 1992. Lectures were presented by leaders from Europe and North America in disciplines contributing to the emerging international focus on Concurrent Engineering of mechanical systems. Participants in the Institute were specialists from throughout NATO in disciplines constituting Concurrent Engineering, many of whom presented contributed papers during the Institute and all of whom participated actively in discussions on technical aspects of the subject. The proceedings are organized into the following five parts: Part 1 Basic Concepts and Methods Part 2 Application Sectors Part 3 Manufacturing Part 4 Design Sensitivity Analysis and Optimization Part 5 Virtual Prototyping and Human Factors Each of the parts is comprised of papers that present state-of-the-art concepts and methods in fields contributing to Concurrent Engineering of mechanical systems. The lead-off papers in each part are based on invited lectures, followed by papers based on contributed presentations made by participants in the Institute.




Start Concurrent


Book Description

Multicore microprocessors are now at the heart of nearly all desktop and laptop computers. While these chips offer exciting opportunities for the creation of newer and faster applications, they also challenge students and educators. How can the new generation of computer scientists growing up with multicore chips learn to program applications that exploit this latent processing power? This unique book is an attempt to introduce concurrent programming to first-year computer science students, much earlier than most competing products. This book assumes no programming background but offers a broad coverage of Java. It includes over 150 numbered and numerous inline examples as well as more than 300 exercises categorized as "conceptual," "programming," and "experiments." The problem-oriented approach presents a problem, explains supporting concepts, outlines necessary syntax, and finally provides its solution. All programs in the book are available for download and experimentation. A substantial index of at least 5000 entries makes it easy for readers to locate relevant information. In a fast-changing field, this book is continually updated and refined. The 2014 version is the seventh "draft edition" of this volume, and features numerous revisions based on student feedback. A list of errata for this version can be found on the Purdue University Department of Computer Science website.




The Temporal Logic of Reactive and Concurrent Systems


Book Description

Reactive systems are computing systems which are interactive, such as real-time systems, operating systems, concurrent systems, control systems, etc. They are among the most difficult computing systems to program. Temporal logic is a formal tool/language which yields excellent results in specifying reactive systems. This volume, the first of two, subtitled Specification, has a self-contained introduction to temporal logic and, more important, an introduction to the computational model for reactive programs, developed by Zohar Manna and Amir Pnueli of Stanford University and the Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, respectively.