Corporate Governance and Business Cycles in the G-7 Countries


Book Description

Research in corporate governance indicates that the relational framework within which firms make business decisions is very different across countries and these differences might be important in explaining differences in real economic phenomena such as growth rates in real output. On the other hand, research in business cycles indicates that many of the stylized facts of business cycles, themselves the result of business decisions that corporate governance presumably influences, are qualitatively similar. The objective of this paper is to see in what ways business cycles are similar and in what ways they are different across the G-7 countries, and whether any differences are related to differences in corporate governance and ownership structures. This research finds that business cycles across the G-7 countries tend to be more similar when comparing economic relationships from the product market where competition and the macroeconomic environment seem all important. On the other hand, business cycles are less similar across the G-7 countries when comparing certain financial relationships, and in certain cases these differences are related to differences in corporate governance and ownership structures.




Corporate Finance, Governance and Business Cycles


Book Description

Corporate Finance, Governance, and Business Cycles describes a model of how a financial system coordinates and shapes certain stylised facts of business cycles. The model is based on a conflict of interest between more risk averse bondholders, and less risk averse stockholders whose risk aversion changes over time. The corporate governance resolution of this conflict assigns the operating decisions of the firm to stockholders and the financing decisions to bondholders. Financing decisions are then linked to operating decisions in a way that coalesces the welfare of bondholders and stockholders over the business cycle. Evidence from the nonfinancial business sector of the G-7 countries does not reject the predictions of the model.










Corporate Governance, Business Cycles & Networks


Book Description

Japan is characterized by three distinct kinds of economic organization: the horizontal keiretsu, the vertical keiretsu, and firms unaffiliated with either type of keiretsu. We find that the relationship between ownership concentration and firm performance varies depending upon the nature of the network ties and the stage of the business cycle. While we find strengthening evidence of positive ownership effects in vertical keiretsu and unaffiliated firms; among horizontal keiretsu we provide evidence that powerful owners exhibit entrenchment propensities. Moreover, entrenchment by powerful keiretsu owners occurs during recessionary times. Thus are study supports other work which hypothesizes that relationship-based economies are most vulnerable during periods of economic downturn. Our results demonstrate that regardless of the institutional context (sophisticated or developing), or ownership identity (family versus non-family), diversified business groups seem to act in a predictable way during periods of economic downturn - whatever benefits that may be associated with group affiliation seem to dissipate when they are most needed by member firms (as well as the economy in general). These results lead us to concur with Almeida and Wolfenzon (2006) - business groups should be dismantled. The tendency for powerful owners to engage in tunnelling during economic downturn is not restricted to emerging market contexts.




The G7-countries


Book Description




Business Cycles for G7 and European Countries


Book Description

This article proposes classical business cycle turning points for the G7 and a number of European countries based on industrial production. This enables us to examine the international nature of cyclical movements free from arbitrary assumptions about the trend. In particular, we show that cyclical asymmetry is common, with slopes during declines being generally larger in magnitude than during expansions. A binary measure of association for expansion and contraction regimes indicates a core group of European countries related to each other and apparently linked to the U.S. and Japan through Germany.




A History of Corporate Governance around the World


Book Description

For many Americans, capitalism is a dynamic engine of prosperity that rewards the bold, the daring, and the hardworking. But to many outside the United States, capitalism seems like an initiative that serves only to concentrate power and wealth in the hands of a few hereditary oligarchies. As A History of Corporate Governance around the World shows, neither conception is wrong. In this volume, some of the brightest minds in the field of economics present new empirical research that suggests that each side of the debate has something to offer the other. Free enterprise and well-developed financial systems are proven to produce growth in those countries that have them. But research also suggests that in some other capitalist countries, arrangements truly do concentrate corporate ownership in the hands of a few wealthy families. A History of Corporate Governance around the World provides historical studies of the patterns of corporate governance in several countries-including the large industrial economies of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States; larger developing economies like China and India; and alternative models like those of the Netherlands and Sweden.




Hysteresis and Business Cycles


Book Description

Traditionally, economic growth and business cycles have been treated independently. However, the dependence of GDP levels on its history of shocks, what economists refer to as “hysteresis,” argues for unifying the analysis of growth and cycles. In this paper, we review the recent empirical and theoretical literature that motivate this paradigm shift. The renewed interest in hysteresis has been sparked by the persistence of the Global Financial Crisis and fears of a slow recovery from the Covid-19 crisis. The findings of the recent literature have far-reaching conceptual and policy implications. In recessions, monetary and fiscal policies need to be more active to avoid the permanent scars of a downturn. And in good times, running a high-pressure economy could have permanent positive effects.




What Happens During Recessions, Crunches and Busts?


Book Description

We provide a comprehensive empirical characterization of the linkages between key macroeconomic and financial variables around business and financial cycles for 21 OECD countries over the period 1960–2007. In particular, we analyze the implications of 122 recessions, 112 (28) credit contraction (crunch) episodes, 114 (28) episodes of house price declines (busts), 234 (58) episodes of equity price declines (busts) and their various overlaps in these countries over the sample period. Our results indicate that interactions between macroeconomic and financial variables can play major roles in determining the severity and duration of recessions. Specifically, we find evidence that recessions associated with credit crunches and house price busts tend to be deeper and longer than other recessions. JEL Classification Numbers: E32; E44; E51; F42