Criterion-Referenced Testing: A Discussion of Theory and Practice in the Army


Book Description

This report is an interim document dealing with development of a Criterion-Referenced Test (CRT) Construction Manual. The major objectives of the study were the development of an easy-to-use, 'how-to-do-it' manual to assist Army test developers in the construction of CRTs, and the identification of needed research to help achieve a more consistent, unified criterion-referenced test model. In order to accomplish these objectives, the study: surveyed the literature on criterion-referenced testing in order to provide an information base for development of the CRT Construction Manual; visited selected Army posts to review the present status of criterion-referenced test construction and application in the Army; prepared a draft CRT construction manual; conducted a trial application of the draft manual; and revised the CRT construction manual. The manual for developing criterion-referenced tests has been published as an ARI Special Publication: Guidebook for Developing Criterion-Referenced Tests.













Technical Report


Book Description










Designing Assessment for Quality Learning


Book Description

This book brings together internationally recognised scholars with an interest in how to use the power of assessment to improve student learning and to engage with accountability priorities at both national and global levels. It includes distinguished writers who have worked together for some two decades to shift the assessment paradigm from a dominant focus on assessment as measurement towards assessment as central to efforts to improve learning. These writers have worked with the teaching profession and, in so doing, have researched and generated key insights into different ways of understanding assessment and its relationship to learning. The volume contributes to the theorising of assessment in contexts characterised by heightened accountability requirements and constant change. The book’s structure and content reflect already significant and growing international interest in assessment as contextualised practice, as well as theories of learning and teaching that underpin and drive particular assessment approaches. Learning theories and practices, assessment literacies, teachers’ responsibilities in assessment, the role of leadership, and assessment futures are the organisers within the book’s structure and content. The contributors to this book have in common the view that quality assessment, and quality learning and teaching are integrally related. Another shared view is that the alignment of assessment with curriculum, teaching and learning is linchpin to efforts to improve both learning opportunities and outcomes for all. Essentially, the book presents new perspectives on the enabling power of assessment. In so doing, the writers recognise that validity and reliability - the traditional canons of assessment – remain foundational and therefore necessary. However, they are not of themselves sufficient for quality education. The book argues that assessment needs to be radically reconsidered in the context of unprecedented societal change. Increasingly, communities are segregating more by wealth, with clear signs of social, political, economic and environmental instability. These changes raise important issues relating to ethics and equity, taken to be core dimensions in enabling the power of assessment to contribute to quality learning for all. This book offers readers new knowledge about how assessment can be used to re/engage learners across all phases of education.