Cryogens and Gases


Book Description




Thermodynamic Properties of Cryogenic Fluids


Book Description

Practicing engineers and scientist will benefit from this book's presentation of the most accurate information on the subject. The equations for fifteen important cryogenic fluids are presented in a basic format, accompanied by pressure-enthalpy and temperature-entropy charts and tables of thermodynamic properties. The book is supported by ICMPROPRS - an interactive computer program for the calculation of thermodynamic properties of the cryogenic fluids - that can be downloaded from the World Wide Web.




Hydrogen Energy


Book Description

This book describes the challenges and solutions the energy sector faces by shifting towards a hydrogen based fuel economy. The most current and up-to-date efforts of countries and leaders in the automotive sector are reviewed as they strive to develop technology and find solutions to production, storage, and distribution challenges. Hydrogen fuel is a zero-emission fuel when burned with oxygen and is often used with electrochemical cells, or combustion in internal engines, to power vehicles and electric devices. This book offers unique solutions to integrating renewable sources of energy like wind or solar power into the production of hydrogen fuel, making it a cost effective, efficient and truly renewable alternative fuel.




Cryogenic Systems


Book Description




Industrial Gas Handbook


Book Description

Drawing on Frank G. Kerry's more than 60 years of experience as a practicing engineer, the Industrial Gas Handbook: Gas Separation and Purification provides from-the-trenches advice that helps practicing engineers master and advance in the field. It offers detailed discussions and up-to-date approaches to process cycles for cryogenic separation of




Cryogenic Mixed Refrigerant Processes


Book Description

Most conventional cryogenic refrigerators and liquefiers operate with pure fluids, the major exception being natural gas liquefiers that use mixed refrigerant processes. The fundamental aspects of mixed refrigerant processes, though very innovative, have not received the due attention in open literature in view of commercial interests. Hundreds of patents exist on different aspects of mixed refrigerant processes. However, it is difficult to piece together the existing information to choose an appropriate process and an optimum composition or a given application. The aim of the book is to teach (a.) the need for refrigerant mixtures, (b.) the type of mixtures that can be used for different refrigeration and liquefaction applications, (c.) the different processes that can be used and (d.) the methods to be adopted for choosing the components of a mixture and their concentration for different applications.




Handbook of Compressed Gases


Book Description

In the field of compressed gases and related equipment, there is an expanding core of essential knowledge that people handling and using these materials should be familiar with or should know where to find when necessary. The focus of this book concerns the properties and the accepted means of trans portation, storage, and handling of compressed gases. This Handbook is simul taneously intended as an overview of the subject and a source of supplementary information. It is also intended to serve as a guide to pertinent federal regulatory requirements and published standards of the Compressed Gas Association and other standards-writing bodies. Readers are advised that the CGA technical pamphlets remain the official state ment of policy by the Association on a particular matter. Reference is made throughout this text to the numerous technical pamphlets published by the Com pressed Gas Association. Some of these publications have been incorporated by reference into federal, state, provincial, and local regulations. Since these pam phlets are reviewed on a periodic basis, wherever the text of this Handbook may be found in conflict with corresponding information in the CGA technical pam phlets, the latter shall take precedence.




Cryogenic Safety


Book Description

This book describes the current state of the art in cryogenic safety best practice, helping the reader to work with cryogenic systems and materials safely. It brings together information from previous texts, industrial and laboratory safety polices, and recent research papers. Case studies, example problems, and an extensive list of references are included to add to the utility of the text. It describes the unique safety hazards posed by cryogenics in all its guises, including issues associated with the extreme cold of cryogenics, the flammability of some cryogenic fluids, the displacement of oxygen by inert gases boiling off from cryogenic fluids, and the high pressures that can be formed during the volume expansion that occurs when a cryogenic fluid becomes a room temperature gas. A further chapter considers the challenges arising from the behavior of materials at cryogenic temperatures. Many materials are inappropriate for use in cryogenics and can fail, resulting in hazardous conditions. Despite these hazards, work at cryogenic temperatures can be performed safely. The book also discusses broader safety issues such as hazard analysis, establishment of a safe work culture and lessons learned from cryogenic safety in accelerator labs. This book is designed to be useful to everyone affected by cryogenic hazards regardless of their expertise in cryogenics.




Sustainable Hydrogen Production


Book Description

Sustainable Hydrogen Production provides readers with an introduction to the processes and technologies used in major hydrogen production methods. This book serves as a unique source for information on advanced hydrogen generation systems and applications (including integrated systems, hybrid systems, and multigeneration systems with hydrogen production). Advanced and clean technologies are linked to environmental impact issues, and methods for sustainable development are thoroughly discussed. With Earth's fast-growing populations, we face the challenge of rapidly rising energy needs. To balance these we must explore more sustainable methods of energy production. Hydrogen is one key sustainable method because of its versatility. It is a constituent of a large palette of essential materials, chemicals, and fuels. It is a source of power and a source of heat. Because of this versatility, the demand for hydrogen is sure to increase as we aim to explore more sustainable methods of energy. Furthermore, Sustainable Hydrogen Production provides methodologies, models, and analysis techniques to help achieve better use of resources, efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability. The book is intellectually rich and interesting as well as practical. The fundamental methods of hydrogen production are categorized based on type of energy source: electrical, thermal, photonic, and biochemical. Where appropriate, historical context is introduced. Thermodynamic concepts, illustrative examples, and case studies are used to solve concrete power engineering problems. - Addresses the fundamentals of hydrogen production using electrical, thermal, photonic, and biochemical energies - Presents new models, methods, and parameters for performance assessment - Provides historical background where appropriate - Outlines key connections between hydrogen production methods and environmental impact/sustainable development - Provides illustrative examples, case studies, and study problems within each chapter




Superconductivity


Book Description

This book presents the basics and applications of superconducting magnets. It explains the phenomenon of superconductivity, theories of superconductivity, type II superconductors and high-temperature cuprate superconductors. The main focus of the book is on the application to superconducting magnets to accelerators and fusion reactors and other applications of superconducting magnets. The thermal and electromagnetic stability criteria of the conductors and the present status of the fabrication techniques for future magnet applications are addressed. The book is based on the long experience of the author in studying superconducting materials, building magnets and numerous lectures delivered to scholars. A researcher and graduate student will enjoy reading the book to learn various aspects of magnet applications of superconductivity. The book provides the knowledge in the field of applied superconductivity in a comprehensive way.