Author : Karen McConnell Brooks
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 45 pages
File Size : 14,6 MB
Release : 1991
Category : Agricultural administration
ISBN :
An agricultural transition when demand is constrained is more difficult to manage than when the fruits of institutional change and productivity growth find ready outlets. Any progress on the demand side -- by increasing domestic demand or improving performance in export markets -- will give a major impetus to the institutional changes needed on the supply side.
Author : Avishay Braverman
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 340 pages
File Size : 49,57 MB
Release : 1993
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN :
Central and Eastern European countries and the states of the former USSR have embarked on an exhilarating but difficult political and economic transition. Changes in agriculture in Central and Eastern Europe and the former USSR will profoundly affect the individual countries and the region, and alter the world agricultural economy in the twenty-first century. Despite many differences, these countries face a core of common issues as they design and implement agrarian reform. Most of the papers prepared for the 1990 World Bank - National Bank of Hungary conference on the agricultural transition in Central and Eastern Europe and the USSR are presented herein. They provide a rich set of references for understanding the problems of agricultural transition in Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, and for evaluating alternative paths open to the governments in the region. The unifying theme of this book is the common dilemmas and options of agricultural transformation in countries that differ in size, resource endowment, level of development, extent of market imperfections, and political conditions.
Author : Brooks, Karen
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 15 pages
File Size : 46,76 MB
Release : 2020-12-16
Category : Political Science
ISBN :
Thirty years have elapsed since the fall of communist governments in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union. The collapse of political structures took with it regimes of highly administered management of agri-food systems. The shift from state management to markets has been generally known as the agricultural transition. The term is most frequently used in reference to the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, but key features of a move from dominant state intervention to greater reliance on markets characterized reforms in China after 1978, Vietnam in 1986 and thereafter, and many countries in Africa south of the Sahara during the years of structural adjustment in the 1990s. The policy reforms that constitute an agricultural transition are intrinsically difficult and made even more so when undertaken under conditions of crisis-induced chaos. Lessons from countries that have undergone the process might be of use, either as guidance or cautionary notes, to leaders and civil society groups in countries such as Venezuela that may be embarking on a transition or swept into one by circumstance. The paragraphs below attempt to summarize lessons from the early transition in Russia, Central Asia, and Eastern Europe in the 1990s.
Author : Zvi Lerman
Publisher : Lexington Books
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 20,80 MB
Release : 2001
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780739102053
This book details and analyzes an extensive farm survey of Armenian land reform. Zvi Lerman and Astghik Mirzakhanian, two principal contributors to the design of the study, present their invaluable insight into the rapid land reform strategy implemented in Armenia. Unique among the former Soviet Republics, the entire agricultural sector of this country shifted from collective, large-scale, farm enterprises to individual production in 1992. The authors pay special attention to the commercialization of private farms and their access to supply and marketing channels outside the old state-controlled system. Family incomes from farming and off-farm sources are discussed, as well as problems of rural social services and social infrastructure. The authors demonstrate how official statistical measures and record keeping practices in Armenia do not adequately account for this dramatic transition.
Author : Csaba Csáki
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 37 pages
File Size : 20,6 MB
Release : 1992
Category : Agricultura - Asia
ISBN :
The former USSR could become self-sufficient in food, but in the medium term will probably remain a net agricultural importer - if it can persuade exporters to extend credit. But Central Eastern European agricultural exports are likely to expand. Central Eastern Europe could become a tougher, more aggressive player in agriculture, principally in the markets for more demanding food products - especially pork, poultry, and fruits and vegetables.
Author : Kenneth J. Thomson
Publisher : Lexington Books
Page : 260 pages
File Size : 26,56 MB
Release : 2003
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780739105184
Of the ten Central and Eastern European countries that have applied for membership in the European Union, Romania ranks among the largest and most impoverished. Romania represents the final challenge in the European Union's enlargement to the east, largely due to its major, but underdeveloped, agriculture and food sectors. The agriculture industry, which is a major component of the national economy, extends its pervasive influence to both Romanian social life and environment. Consequently, the transition towards a market oriented economic system will pose new obstacles for the country's farmers, processors, traders, and policymakers. While identifying the impediments that surround Romanian agriculture and its inevitable progression towards transition is a simple task, the challenges lie in recommending solutions. Through careful analysis of numerous recent studies on reform policies in the Romanian agri-food sector during its economic transition, this comprehensive examination offers perspicacious suggestions and insights on the following topics in particular: international trade, credit for agricultural development, price policies, and rural development. The conclusions reached are not only of domestic importance and application, they are also of immediate relevance for many post-socialist countries, for which the agri-food sector is a principal vehicle for rural development.
Author : Csaba Csaki
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 343 pages
File Size : 40,1 MB
Release : 2021-11-28
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 0429715846
Originally published in 1993, this is a study of agricultural co-operatives. The farming structure in transition countries has shifted from dominance of large corporate farms to family smallholdings. Smallholders everywhere experience difficulties with access to market services, including sale of products, purchase of inputs, and acquisition of machinery; they suffer from credit shortages and have limited access to information and advisory services. The barriers to market access prevent smallholders from fully exploiting their inherent productivity advantages. Best-practice world experience highlights farmers' service cooperatives, created by grassroots users, as the most effective way of improving the market access of small farmers. Service cooperatives also help smallholders overcome market failures, when private business entrepreneurs are unwilling to provide services in areas that they judge unprofitable or unfairly exploit users through monopolistic practices. These difficulties and market failures are prominent in transition countries and scholars accordingly expected rapid development of agricultural service cooperatives in response to smallholder needs. The present volume explores gaps between expectations and reality.
Author : Emil Maria Claassen
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 68 pages
File Size : 38,90 MB
Release : 1994
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9789251034880
Author : DINA L. UMALI
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 468 pages
File Size : 44,27 MB
Release : 1995
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780821333549
Discusses ways in which the role of the state in promoting agricultural growth and development may be redefined. This report presents the proceedings of the 14th World Bank Agricultural Symposium held in January 1994. The papers explore ways in which the role of the state in promoting agricultural growth and development may be redefined. They also capitalize on important lessons emerging from experiences around the world. The report suggests that changing the role of government from market domination towards the provision of a regulatory framework that facilitates private sector activity is an ongoing process rather than a one-time occurrence. The papers also illustrate the wide variety of issues and the different approaches in the various countries that are redefining the role of government in agricultural development.
Author : Zvi Lerman
Publisher : Lexington Books
Page : 266 pages
File Size : 19,84 MB
Release : 2004
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780739108079
In Agriculture in Transition: Land Policies and Evolving Farm Structures in Post Soviet Countries authors Zvi Lerman, Csaba Csaki, and Gershon Feder study the land policies and farming structures of these newly emerging nations as components of institutional change in the rural sector - change from a centralized rural economy to a market-oriented economy.
