Deicing Salt Imperils Plants in Roadside Bioretention Basins


Book Description

Plants are arguably the most visible components of stormwater bioretention basins and play key roles in stabilizing soils, removing water through transpiration, and other processes. In cold climates, bioretention basins along roadways can receive considerable quantities of deicing salt in winter. This salt may variably migrate out of the systems prior to the onset of plant growth in spring or remain in the soil; the effects on plants presumably vary with time (due to annual weather patterns), space (because stormwater exposure is location-dependent), and biology (because plant taxa differ in their salt tolerance). The goal of this study was to investigate the magnitude of deicing salt's effects on bioretention plants, and how it varies with spatial, temporal, and biological factors. The study took place in a set of five bioretention basins in Philadelphia, USA that receive runoff from a major highway. We collected data on seasonal and depth-related changes in soil electrical conductivity (EC); plant size and mean leaf area, plant tissue sodium concentrations, and plant mortality. In a pair of years with below- and above-average temperatures, soil EC was significantly higher in basin soils compared to reference locations through all spring months. For the nine plant taxa evaluated, leaf areas and crown volumes were strongly reduced in proportion to stormwater exposure. These responses were largely consistent across taxa. In Hemerocallis 'Happy returns', leaf Na+ concentrations >500 mg kg-1 were typical for specimens in low-lying portions of the basins, confirming that deicing salts were responsible for inhibited growth. However, leaf Na+ was less strongly elevated in Iris sibirica 'Caesar's brother' and was not location-dependent. Finally, all Cornus sericea 'Cardinal' plants with stem Na+ concentrations >500 mg kg-1 died following a winter with below-average temperatures, despite having survived through two prior winters. Our observations demonstrate that deicing salts can have detrimental effects on plants in bioretention basins and highlight the value of installing salt-tolerant plants in basins likely to experience any frequency of deicing salt exposure.







Erosion and Sediment Control: Planning


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The State Water Plan


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Private Outdoor Recreation Facilities


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A Natural History of Mount Le Conte


Book Description

Widely regarded as the crown jewel of the Great Smoky Mountains, Mount Le Conte harbors the greatest concentration of notable geological features in all of the Smokies. This unique book tells the history of the mountain, offering visitors a greater appreciation of its scenic splendor. Kenneth Wise and Ron Petersen combine their intimate knowledge of Le Conte with a wealth of scientific and historical information. Following introductory coverage of the mountain's geologic history and human exploration, they follow the six main trails up the mountain--Alum Cave, Bullhead, Rainbow Falls, Trillium Gap, Brushy Mountain, and Boulevard--and reveal each one to be not merely a path but a rich source of historical and personal testimony. A final chapter covers the distinguishing features of the summit itself. Along each route, the authors explain how the trail was developed and provide historic background for well-known landmarks, from Inspiration Point to Huggins Hell. They offer informative descriptions of the plants and wildlife indigenous to Mount Le Conte as well as observations on the effects of environmental changes on the landscape. The book is illustrated with dozens of photographs, many of historic interest. Also included is a fold-out vista map of ten panoramas visible along the way, indicating the notable features that can be seen from each vantage point. The Authors: Kenneth Wise is an administrator at the University of Tennessee library and the author of Hiking Trails of the Great Smoky Mountains: A Comprehensive Guide. Ron Petersen is a distinguished professor in the Department of Botany at the University of Tennessee in Knoxville. Ron Petersen and Kenneth Wise combine their intimate knowledge of Mount LeConte with a wealth of scientific and historical information. Following the six main trails up the mountain--Alum Cave, Bullhead, Rainbow Falls, Trillium Gap, Brushy Mountain, and Boulevard--they tell how each was developed and provide historic notes and descriptions for well-known landmarks, from Inspiration Point to Huggins Hell. They also point out a host of interesting features about plants and wildlife and offer observations on effects of environmental changes on the landscape. The text is enhanced by dozens of photographs, many of historic interest. Also included with the book is a fold-out vista map containing drawings of eight panoramas visible from the summit, indicating the geologic features that can be seen from each vantage point. Whether you're viewing LeConte from the Lodge or hiking its slopes, this book will enhance your enjoyment of this crown jewel of the Smokies. A Natural History of Mount LeConte is unlike any other book available on this magnificent mountain. It shows that history and natural history are two sides of the same coin and will make visiting or hiking the peak a more rewarding experience.




Smoky Jack


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"In 1925, Paul Adams was appointed custodian of Mount Le Conte, the third-highest peak of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. His job was to welcome tourists, give guided tours, and establish a camp that would become known as LeConte Lodge, which still stands in what has become America's most popular national park. Adams had everything he needed for the job: a passion for the outdoors, a love of hiking, a desire to preserve the native habitat while welcoming visitors, and the companionship of a remarkable dog. During his time on the mountains, Adams trained Smoky Jack to be a pack-dog -- not just carrying supplies but actually making the four-hour trip to the store in Gatlinburg and back alone. Throughout Smoky Jack, readers gain a unique glimpse into the early days of the Great Smoky Mountains region during the decade before it was name[d] a national park in 1934. Adams describes the trials and triumphs he and the indomitable German shepherd faced as they exemplified the ancient relationship between man and dog on Mount Le Conte, building trails, guiding visitors, and making a life in nature." -- Provided by publisher.




No Place for the Weary Kind


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This biography celebrates the lives of 19 Smoky Mountain Women, from hiking legend Margaret Stevenson to famed singer-songwriter Dolly Parton.




Imagination Vacation Great Smoky Mountains


Book Description

Great Smoky Mountains National Park is a beautiful and amazing place. Emmaline and Oliver have some imaginative ideas about the park's natural wonders. Their parents have some pretty wild theories of their own. Follow their exciting adventures as they learn about biodiversity, park wildlife, fall leaf color changes, synchronous fireflies, geology, and earth science. Continue learning with four pages of educator resources. Written and illustrated by a certified teacher, this book is a playful lesson in science.