Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality: Interaction, Navigation, Visualization, Embodiment, and Simulation


Book Description

This two-volume set LNCS 10909 and 10910 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality, VAMR 2018, held as part of HCI International 2018 in Las Vegas, NV, USA. HCII 2018 received a total of 4346 submissions, of which 1171 papers and 160 posters were accepted for publication after a careful reviewing process. The 65 papers presented in this volume were organized in topical sections named: interaction, navigation, and visualization in VAMR; embodiment, communication, and collaboration in VAMR; education, training, and simulation; VAMR in psychotherapy, exercising, and health; virtual reality for cultural heritage, entertainment, and games; industrial and military applications.




Driving in Virtual Reality


Book Description

In the last decades, there has been a substantial increase in the development of complex active safety systems for automotive vehicles. These systems need to be tested for verification and validation to ensure that the system intervenes in the correct situations using the correct measures. There are multiple methods available to perform such testing. Software-in-the-loop and hardware-in-the-loop testing offer effective driverless testing. Other methods increase the fidelity by including human drivers, such as driving simulators and experiments performed at test tracks. This thesis examines vehicle-in-the-loop testing, an innovative method where the driver of a real vehicle wears a head-mounted display that displays virtual targets. This method combines the benefits of driving simulators with the benefits of using a real vehicle on a test track. Driving simulators offer repeatability, safety, and the possibility of complex interactions between actors. In contrast, the real vehicle provides the correct vehicle dynamics and motion feedback. There is a need to know how the technology behind the method might influence the results from vehicle-in-the-loop testing. Two techniques for vehicle-in-the-loop systems are studied. The first involves video-see through head-mounted displays, where the focus of the research is on the effects of visual latency on driving behavior. The results show that lateral driving behavior changes with added latency, but longitudinal behavior appears unaffected. The second system uses an opaque head-mounted display in an entirely virtual world. The research shows that this solution changes speed perception and results in a significant degradation in performance of tasks dependent on visual acuity. This research presents results that are relevant to consider when developing vehicle-in-the-loop platforms. The results are also applicable when choosing scenarios for this test method. Dagens fordon innehåller fler och fler säkerhetssystem. Vissa av dessa system ger varningar i potentiellt kritiska trafiksituationer. Det finns också mer komplexa system som tillfälligt kan ta kontroll över fordonet för att förhindra en olycka eller åtminstone mildra effekterna. Komplexiteten hos dessa system innebär att man måste genomföra omfattande tester. Både för att se att systemen reagerar vid rätt tidpunkt, men också för att se att valet av åtgärd är korrekt. Det finns många olika sätt att testa dessa system. Man börjar vanligtvis med simuleringar av programvara och hårdvara. Därefter kan systemet introduceras i ett fordon för att se vilka effekter systemet har när det interagerar med en riktig förare. Att utföra tester med förare ställer dock höga säkerhetskrav, och det är ofta svårt att samordna komplexa trafiksituationer på en testbana. Traditionellt har körsimulatorer varit ett naturligt alternativ eftersom de kan utföra komplexa scenarier i en säker miljö. Denna avhandling undersöker en testmetod där man utrustar föraren med en virtual reality-display. Genom att presentera omvärlden med hjälp av virtual reality, så kan man genomföra scenarion som tidigare varit omöjliga på en testbana. Det kan dock finnas inbyggda begränsningar i virtual reality tekniken som kan påverka körbeteendet. Det är därför viktigt att hitta och kvantifiera dessa effekter för att kunna lita på resultaten från testmetoden. Att känna till dessa effekter på körbeteendet dessutom kan hjälpa till att avgöra vilka typer av scenarier som är lämpade för denna testmetod. Det är också viktig information för att avgöra var man bör fokusera den tekniska utvecklingen av testutrustningen.




Virtual Reality Software & Technology


Book Description

Few technologies in recent years have attracted as much scientific, media and public attention as Virtual Reality. By providing a profoundly new paradigm for human-computer interaction, it is fundamentally changing the way people use and think about computers. Despite being in its infancy, Virtual Reality has found applications in such varied fields as entertainment, interactive arts, medicine, architecture, security, education, and financial analysis.The articles collected here were selected after thorough review and describe the state-of-the-art in Virtual Reality software and technology. Included are the latest results in software architectures, interaction techniques and devices, modeling techniques, and applications.




Virtual Reality Headsets - A Theoretical and Pragmatic Approach


Book Description

The purpose of virtual reality is to make possible a sensorimotor and cognitive activity for a user in a digitally created artificial world. Recent advances in computer technology have led to a new generation of VR devices such as VR headsets. Accordingly, virtual reality poses many new scientific challenges for researchers and professionals. The aim of this book, a manual meant for both designers and users of virtual reality, is to present the current state of knowledge on the use of VR headsets in the most complete way possible. The book is divided into 13 chapters. The objective of the first chapter is to give an introduction to VR and clarify its scope. The next chapter presents a theoretical approach to virtual reality through our Immersion and Interaction methodology also known as "3I2 model’’. Then, a chapter about human senses is necessary to understand the sensorimotor immersion, especially vision. These chapters are followed by several chapters which present the different visual interfaces and the VR headsets currently available on the market. These devices can impart comfort and health problems due to sensorimotor discrepancies. A chapter is devoted to these problems, followed by a chapter that gives a detailed discussion of methods and 32 solutions to dispel, or at least to decrease, VR sickness. The following three chapters present different VR applications that use VR headsets (behavioural sciences, industrial uses and Digital Art) and the final chapter provides conclusions and discusses future VR challenges.




HCI in Mobility, Transport, and Automotive Systems. Automated Driving and In-Vehicle Experience Design


Book Description

This two-volume set LNCS 12212 and 12213 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Conference on HCI in Mobility, Transport, and Automotive Systems, MobiTAS 2020, held as part of the 22nd International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, HCII 2020, in Copenhagen, Denmark, in July, 2020.* A total of 1439 full papers and 238 posters have been carefully reviewed and accepted for publication in HCII 2020. The papers cover the entire field of human-computer interaction, addressing major advances in knowledge and effective use of computers in a variety of application areas. MobiTAS 2020 includes a total of 59 papers and they are organized in the following topical sections: Part I, Automated Driving and In-Vehicle Experience Design: UX topics in automated driving, and designing in-vehicle experiences. Part II, Driving Behavior, Urban and Smart Mobility: studies on driving behavior, and urban and smart mobility. *The conference was held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic.




Understanding Virtual Reality


Book Description

Of interest to developers of virtual reality applications and others interested in potential uses for virtual reality, this book presents a selection of useful VR applications and gives readers guidance on how VR might be applied.




Autonomous Vehicles and Virtual Reality


Book Description

This book concisely describes the technologies, human perception, and cognition issues relevant to autonomous vehicles. It also gives an insight in the changes bring about our future everyday lives. Autonomous vehicles are the future of the automobile industry. Automated driving (AD), also called self-driving, raises however several multiple questions, among them those of user safety and acceptation. Comprehensive HMI system design, with windshield display technics, will be necessary to deal with driving task delegations, bringing the use of VR or augmented reality (AR) technologies. In addition, the use of VR for all the vehicle interiors will progressively be proposed for entertainment, online business activities and for modified visual motion perception to alleviate car sickness, a form of motion sickness. Indeed, car sickness is already well known for many passengers, especially when reading or operating smartphones or other display devices. It is called to increase significantly with the introduction of autonomous vehicles where all users will be for long periods in various sitting positions. These two new trends, AD and VR, are already modifying our relationship with the world and the society. All together, they will change our way of life forever. The book will be of interest to professionals in the auto industry, researchers in automotive engineering and computer science and all those interested in the future of transport.




Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction: User and Context Diversity


Book Description

The three-volume set LNCS 8009-8011 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction, UAHCI 2013, held as part of the 15th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, HCII 2013, held in Las Vegas, USA in July 2013, jointly with 12 other thematically similar conferences. The total of 1666 papers and 303 posters presented at the HCII 2013 conferences was carefully reviewed and selected from 5210 submissions. These papers address the latest research and development efforts and highlight the human aspects of design and use of computing systems. The papers accepted for presentation thoroughly cover the entire field of human-computer interaction, addressing major advances in knowledge and effective use of computers in a variety of application areas. The total of 230 contributions included in the UAHCI proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in this three-volume set. The 78 papers included in this volume are organized in the following topical sections: age-related issues, human vision in universal access, emotions and persuasion in universal access, design for autistic spectrum disorders, cognitive issues for universal access, universal access to the Web and social communities.




Energy and Environment


Book Description

Transport systems are facing an impossible dilemma: satisfy an increasing demand for mobility of people and goods, while decreasing their fossil-energy requirements and preserving the environment. Additionally, transport has an opportunity to evolve in a changing world, with new services, technologies but also new requirements (fast delivery, reliability, improved accessibility). In this book, recent research works are reported around the triptych: "transport, energy and environment", which demonstrates that vehicle technologies and fuels can still improve, but it is necessary to prepare their implementation (e.g. electro-mobility), to think of new services, and to involve all actors, particularly enterprises, who will be the drivers of innovation. Mitigation strategies are studied to promote innovative, multimodal and clean transports and services. Research progress is reported on air pollution, vibrations and noise, their mitigation and assessment methodologies.




Unsettled Technology Areas in Autonomous Vehicle Test and Validation


Book Description

Automated driving system (ADS) technology and ADS-enabled/operated vehicles - commonly referred to as automated vehicles and autonomous vehicles (AVs) - have the potential to impact the world as significantly as the internal combustion engine. Successful ADS technologies could fundamentally transform the automotive industry, civil planning, the energy sector, and more. Rapid progress is being made in artificial intelligence (AI), which sits at the core of and forms the basis of ADS platforms. Consequently, autonomous capabilities such as those afforded by advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and other automation solutions are increasingly becoming available in the marketplace. To achieve highly or fully automated or autonomous capabilities, a major leap forward in the validation of these ADS technologies is required. Without this critical cog, helping to ensure the safety and reliability of these systems and platforms, the full capabilities of ADS technology will not be realized. This paper explores the ADS validation challenge by reviewing existing approaches and examining the effectiveness of those approaches, presenting critical techniques required to bring safe and effective solutions to market, discussing unsettled topics, and suggesting next steps for industry stakeholders to consider as they work to advance the ADS ecosystem. NOTE: SAE EDGE™ Research Reports are intended to identify and illuminate key issues in emerging, but still unsettled, technologies of interest to the mobility industry. The goal of SAE EDGE™ Research Reports is to stimulate discussion and work in the hope of promoting and speeding resolution of identified issues. SAE EDGE™ Research Reports are not intended to resolve the issues they identify or close any topic to further scrutiny. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio. https://doi.org/10.4271/EPR2019001