Early Chōl̤a Art


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Early Chola Art


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The Rise of the Cholas


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Unleash the secrets of the Chola Dynasty, a South Indian powerhouse that ruled the waves and shaped history! Dive deep into their incredible journey, from humble beginnings to becoming a maritime empire. Explore their innovative military strategies, marvel at their architectural brilliance showcased in magnificent temples, and lose yourself in the vibrant cultural tapestry they weaved. This comprehensive guide unveils the captivating story of the Cholas: Rise to Power: Witness how strategic alliances, strong leadership, and groundbreaking advancements propelled the Cholas to dominance. Lords of the Seas: Discover how the Cholas transformed into a maritime superpower, controlling trade routes and influencing the global economy. Architectural Marvels: Explore the grandeur of Chola temples, architectural wonders that stand as testaments to their artistic genius and engineering prowess. A Legacy in Stone and Verse: Delve into the rich cultural heritage of the Cholas, encompassing exquisite sculptures, classical dance forms, and a flourishing literary tradition. Lessons from the Past: Learn valuable insights from the Chola legacy, understanding the importance of adaptation, strong leadership, and the cyclical nature of empires. Whether you're a history buff, an art enthusiast, or simply curious about ancient civilizations, this exploration of the Chola Dynasty promises a captivating journey.




EARLY INDIA upto AD 1350


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Perhaps the fierest debate on the Indus civilization is over the reasons for the end of the India’s earliest cities. Did they dramatically collapsed or was there steady urban decline? Was the decline a result of in roads by the Aryans or did rivers, earthquakes, or climatic shifts contribute to the disintegration? Was the end marked by a cultural fracture or regional migrations from the core areas to the areas which offered better subsistence possibilities? The recent studies do not accept the Aryan invasion theory or the inundation theory or the tectonic upliftment concept as it is not warranted by any scientific or rationale evidences. It seems likely that the decline of the Harappan civilization was mainly due to ecological imbalances. The delicate ecological balances of semi-arid areas (Harappa and Mohenjodaro) was being disturbed because the human and cattle populations in these areas was fast depleting the scanty forest, food and fuel resources. Thus, the growing populations of men and animals confronted by scanty resources wore out the landscape. This depletion of the subsistence base caused strain on the entire economy. Moreover, the drift of the monsoon to the west necessitated the Harappan people to migrate to the areas of Gujarat, Haryana which provided better survival possibilities.




Art of the Imperial Cholas


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The rule of the Chola dynasty in South India between the ninth and thirteenth centuries was a period of unparalleled creativity in Indian art. Known as the Golden Age of Tamil Culture, the Chola period produced dynamic royal personalities who shaped the artistic activity of theirtimes. Art of the Imperial Cholas examines the dynasty's architectural and sculptural achievements, which stand among the masterpieces of India.





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The Oxford History of India


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Rajaraja Chola: Interplay Between an Imperial Regime and Productive Forces of Society


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When Rajaraja Chola ascended the throne, the land of Tamils entered upon centuries of grandeur. He left behind a stupendous legacy, which has not lost its sheen even after a thousand years. During his regime, we see powerful productive forces at work, newly liberated by the advances made in manufacturing and trade. Through interesting facts and riveting analyses, the reader can vividly experience the tumultuous developments of this perioud. It bring to life the social, political and economic underpinnings of that time - expansion of agriculture, rise of nagarams, maturing of self-governing corporate bodies, phenomenal increase in inland and overseas trade networks, and overall strengthening of the administrative and military apparatus, which would later bring South-east Asia under its influence. Equally important to the stability of the empire was the compelling iconography of Saivism, which this book presents in a sublime and engrossing style. Written by Raghavan Srinivasan, the author of Yugantar, this book recreates the history of a South Indian king and his imperial empire, in a form that would appeal to the academia and the wider public audience alike. "A rousing attempt at piecing together the lives and times of the Tamil country's most remarkable medieval personality, Rajaraja Chola, who despite the rich artistic legacy, plethora of inscriptions and maritime amnbtions, has remained an enigmatic figure." - SHARADA SRINIVASAM, Professor, School of Humanities, National Institute of Advanced Studies.




The Embodiment of Bhakti


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This book offers an interpretive history of bhakti, an influential religious perspective in Hinduism. Prentiss argues that although bhakti is mentioned in every contemporary sourcebook on Indian religions, it still lacks an agreed-upon definition. "Devotion" is found to be the most commonly used synonym. Prentiss seeks a new perspective on this elusive concept. Her analysis of Tamil (south Indian) materials leads her to suggest that bhakti be understood as a doctrine of embodiment. Bhakti, she says, urges people towards active engagement in the worship of God. She proposes that the term "devotion" be replaced by "participation," emphasizing bhakti's call for engagement in worship and the necessity of embodiment to fulfill that obligation.




THE LORD OF VENGADAM


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The temple for the Lord of Vengadam in Tirumala (Andhra Pradesh, India) is one of the richest places of worship in the entire world with ever-increasing popularity, the footfall of devotees on the Seven Hills touching a whopping figure of seventy thousand on weekdays and one hundred thousand during the weekends. The Temple's annual budget hovers around 25 billion rupees. This world record to fame and riches is not without its flip side. The temple has become the focal point for a variety of controversies-some created by the political class, some by historians with an axe to grind, and some more by Hindus with a sectarian outlook. The never-ending dispute is over the identity of the idol as a result of the age-old conflict between the worshippers of Siva and Vishnu, the two most important deities of the Hindu pantheon. Taking their cue from this, Neo-Buddhists joined the fray with the claim that the temple was a Buddhist shrine and that it was converted into Vishnu temple by "wily Brahmins." The book aims to unravel the mystery over the history of the temple, providing a historical perspective to the issue and thus establishing the real identity of the Lord, which is indisputably that of the Vishnu.