Neurofeedback in ADHD


Book Description

EEG-based neurofeedback is used as a treatment approach in attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a clinically and pathophysiologically heterogeneous child psychiatric disorder. There is increasing evidence for specific effects of neurofeedback when applying 'standard' protocols (slow cortical potentials, theta/beta, sensorimotor rhythm). Knowledge about underlying mechanisms and moderating variables is increasing. Nevertheless, further well-controlled and conducted trials are needed to answer open questions concerning optimisation and individualisation of neurofeedback. Further improvements may develop with new methods and technical developments (e.g., tomographic neurofeedback) and new concepts (integrated ADHD treatment). This Frontiers Research Topic comprising 14 articles intends to answer the following questions concerning neurofeedback in ADHD: • How efficacious is neurofeedback? • What is the rationale of applying a certain neurofeedback protocol in ADHD? • What are central mechanisms and which moderating variables may affect training and treatment outcome? • How to optimise treatment? What are new developments and which benefits may be expected? Aspects of learning theory are also stressed dissociating 'neurofeedback as a treatment' and 'neurofeedback as entertainment'. In the Editorial, this crucial aspect is compared to the way you read (and study) a scientific book versus reading a thriller for leisure. In this respect: Enjoy this Research Topic, study and apply it in practice, unless you read it for entertainment purposes!




Neurofeedback in ADHD


Book Description

Neurofeedback is an operant learning procedure where participants learn to gain self-control over specific aspects of neural activity. Thus, depending on the neurofeedback protocol applied behavioural, cognitive and / or emotional effects can be induced. Different assumptions about mechanisms, moderators and mediators of neurofeedback exist, associated with different ways of application. EEG-based neurofeedback is used as a therapeutic approach in attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a clinically and pathophysiologically heterogeneous child psychiatric disorder. There is increasing evidence for specific effects of neurofeedback when applying 'standard' protocols (slow cortical potentials, theta/beta, SMR). Knowledge about underlying mechanisms and moderating variables is increasing. Nevertheless, further well-controlled and conducted trials are needed to answer open questions concerning optimisation and individualisation of neurofeedback training. Further improvements may be expected from new methodical and technical developments (e.g., tomographic neurofeedback) and new concepts (integrated ADHD treatment). The Frontiers Research Topic intends to provide answers to the following questions concerning neurofeedback in ADHD: How efficacious is neurofeedback / does a certain neurofeedback protocol work? What is the rationale of applying a certain neurofeedback protocol in ADHD? What are central mechanisms and which moderating variables may affect training outcome? How to optimise treatment? What are new developments and which benefits may be expected?




Therapeutic Effect of Infra-Low-Frequency Neurofeedback Training on Children and Adolescents with ADHD


Book Description

In this observational study the outcomes of an EEG-based infra-low-frequency (ILF) neurofeedback intervention on patients with attention deficit (hyperactivity) disorder (ADHD) are presented. The question is addressed whether this computer-aided treatment, which uses a brain-computer-interface to alleviate the clinical symptoms of mental disorders, is an effective non-pharmaceutical therapy for ADHD in childhood and adolescence. In a period of about 15 weeks 196 ADHD patients were treated with about 30 sessions of ILF neurofeedback in an ambulant setting. Besides regular evaluation of the severity of clinical symptoms, a continuous performance test (CPT) for parameters of attention and impulse control was conducted before and after the neurofeedback treatment. During and after the therapy, the patients did not only experience a substantial reduction in the severity of their ADHD-typical clinical symptoms, but also their performance in a continuous test procedure was significantly improved for all examined parameters of attention and impulse control, like response time, variability of reaction time, omission errors and commission errors. In a post neurofeedback intervention assessment 97% of patients reported improvement in symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity or impulsivity. Only 3% of the patients claimed no noticeable alleviation of ADHD-related symptoms. These results suggest that ILF neurofeedback is a clinically effective method that can be considered as a treatment option for ADHD and might help reducing or even avoiding psychotropic medication.













Neurofeedback Therapy Coupled with Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation Therapy in the Treatment of ADHD


Book Description

This program will examine the effectiveness of neurofeedback in conjunction with omega-3 fatty acid supplementation at reducing symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and increasing academic performance in children and adolescents ages 6 to 17. The participants of Omega-Neurofeedback treatment will partake in neurofeedback therapy two to three times per week for 12 weeks, for a total of 36 sessions, in conjunction with daily omega-3 fatty acid supplementation. The participants will complete the Conners-3, the CPT-II and the NEPSY-II while their parents and teachers complete the Conners-3 rating scales in the pretreatment, treatment, and post treatment phases of the program. Participants will be encouraged to continue daily omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and return six months post treatment to be re-assessed and to complete a booster neurofeedback therapy phase followed by parent and teacher evaluations. A final re-evaluation will be completed one year post treatment phase. The participants and their parents will receive psychoeducational literature regarding ADHD and Omega-Neurofeedback treatment, as well as, participate in several sessions of psychosocial counseling.




Z Score Neurofeedback


Book Description

Neurofeedback is utilized by over 10,000 clinicians worldwide with new techniques and uses being found regularly. Z Score Neurofeedback is a new technique using a normative database to identify and target a specific individual's area of dysregulation allowing for faster and more effective treatment. The book describes how to perform z Score Neurofeedback, as well as research indicating its effectiveness for a variety of disorders including pain, depression, anxiety, substance abuse, PTSD, ADHD, TBI, headache, frontal lobe disorders, or for cognitive enhancement. Suitable for clinicians as well as researchers this book is a one stop shop for those looking to understand and use this new technique. - Contains protocols to implement Z score neurofeedback - Reviews research on disorders for which this is effective treatment - Describes advanced techniques and applications




Neuro-Education and Neuro-Rehabilitation


Book Description

In the last decade, important discoveries have been made in cognitive neuroscience regarding brain plasticity and learning such as the mirror neurons system and the anatomo-functional organization of perceptual, cognitive and motor abilities.... Time has come to consider the societal impact of these findings. The aim of this Research Topic of Frontiers in Psychology is to concentrate on two domains: neuro-education and neuro-rehabilitation. At the interface between neuroscience, psychology and education, neuro-education is a new inter-disciplinary emerging field that aims at developing new education programs based on results from cognitive neuroscience and psychology. For instance, brain-based learning methods are flourishing but few have been rigorously tested using well-controlled procedures. Authors of this Research Topic will present their latest findings in this domain using rigorously controlled experiments. Neuro-rehabilitation aims at developing new rehabilitation methods for children and adults with learning disorders. Neuro-rehabilitation programs can be based upon a relatively low number of patients and controls or on large clinical trials to test for the efficiency of new treatments. These projects may also aim at testing the efficiency of video-games and of new methods such as Trans Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) for therapeutic interventions in children or adolescents with learning disabilities. This Research Topic will bring together neuroscientists interested in brain plasticity and the effects of training, psychologists working with adults as well as with normally developing children and children with learning disabilities as well as education researchers directly confronted with the efficiency of education programs. The goal for each author is to describe the state of the art in his/her specific research domain and to illustrate how her/his research findings can impact education in the classroom or rehabilitation of children and adolescents with learning disorders.