Electrical Stimulation and Electropathology


Book Description

Human response to short-term electrical exposure can be beneficial, as in the application of electrical stimulation for medical purposes, or pathological, as in unintended electric shock. This book is the first to offer a cohesive treatment of the subject, covering fundamental principles, specific human responses, and electrical safety.




Applied Bioelectricity


Book Description

Electric currents and electromagnetic fields have been applied to biological systems, particularly humans, with both therapeutic and pathological results. This text discusses biological responses to electric currents and electromagnetic fields, including medical applications and shock hazards. It covers fundamental physical and engineering principles of responses to short-term electrical exposure and emphasises human reactions, although animal responses are considered as well, and the treatment covers reactions from the just-detectable to the clearly detrimental. An important new chapter discusses standards for human exposure to electromagnetic fields and electric current and demonstrates how these standards have been developed using the principles treated in earlier chapters.




Electrotherapy Explained


Book Description

Electrotherapy Explained is an excellent research-based exploration of the major types of electrophysical agents used in clinical practice, particularly human and also animal. For the fourth edition, two new authors join the writing team, presenting the latest information for today's clinicians. The text has been completely updated with a major rewrite of the material, particularly that on electrical stimulation. This book continues to focus on evidence: clinical and biophysical evidence that affects how and which electrotherapies may be of use clinically and when. The inclusion of biophysics as well as clinical evidence and principles of application, enables clinicians to move away from traditional 'recipe-based' approaches and rely more on their own clinical reasoning. The focus remains on humans but the relevance of the principles for using and applying different modalities is explained clearly, providing guidelines for clinicians across disciplines and specialties. Up to date research detailing the evidence both supportive and deprecatory for the use of each modality Written by experts from biophysics and the clinical domains Comprehensive and well referenced Clear and well chosen illustrations elucidate the text Text boxes and summary sections help to break down what is sometimes a complex subject into manageable and memorable chunks Contraindications and risks have been updated in light of the most recent research Three books for the price of one - the website (http://booksite.elsevier.com/9780750688437) contains the entire texts of 'Physical Principles Explained' by Low and Reed, and 'Biophysical Bases of Electrotherapy' by Ward. The text directs readers to the website for further reading at relevant points.




Irreversible Electroporation


Book Description

Non-thermal irreversible electroporation is a new minimally invasive surgical p- cedure with unique molecular selectivity attributes – in fact it may be considered the first clinical molecular surgery procedure. Non-thermal irreversible electro- ration is a molecular selective mode of cell ablation that employs brief electrical fields to produce nanoscale defects in the cell membrane, which can lead to cell death, without an effect on any of the other tissue molecules. The electrical fields can be produced through contact by insertion of electrode needles around the undesirable tissue and non-invasively by electromagnetic induction. This new - dition to the medical armamentarium requires the active involvement and is of interest to clinical physicians, medical researchers, mechanical engineers, che- cal engineers, electrical engineers, instrumentation designers, medical companies and many other fields and disciplines that were never exposed in their training to irreversible electroporation or to a similar concept. This edited book is designed to be a comprehensive introduction to the field of irreversible electroporation to those that were not exposed or trained in the field before and can also serve as a reference manual. Irreversible electroporation is broad and interdisciplinary. Therefore, we have made an attempt to cover every one of the various aspects of the field from an introductory basic level to state of the art.







Non-ionizing Radiation


Book Description

This publication represents the views and expert opinions of an IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, which met in Lyon, 19-26 June 2001.




Electromagnetic Fields in Biological Systems


Book Description

Spanning static fields to terahertz waves, this volume explores the range of consequences electromagnetic fields have on the human body. Topics discussed include essential interactions and field coupling phenomena; electric field interactions in cells, focusing on ultrashort, pulsed high-intensity fields; dosimetry or coupling of ELF fields into biological systems; and the historical developments and recent trends in numerical dosimetry. It also discusses mobile communication devices and the dosimetry of RF radiation into the human body, exposure and dosimetry associated with MRI and spectroscopy, and available data on the interaction of terahertz radiation with biological tissues, cells, organelles, and molecules.




Principles of Electrical Safety


Book Description

Principles of Electrical Safety discusses current issues inelectrical safety, which are accompanied by series’ ofpractical applications that can be used by practicingprofessionals, graduate students, and researchers. . • Provides extensive introductions to important topicsin electrical safety • Comprehensive overview of inductance, resistance, andcapacitance as applied to the human body • Serves as a preparatory guide for today’spracticing engineers




Applications in Electronics Pervading Industry, Environment and Society


Book Description

This book features the manuscripts accepted for the Special Issue “Applications in Electronics Pervading Industry, Environment and Society—Sensing Systems and Pervasive Intelligence” of the MDPI journal Sensors. Most of the papers come from a selection of the best papers of the 2019 edition of the “Applications in Electronics Pervading Industry, Environment and Society” (APPLEPIES) Conference, which was held in November 2019. All these papers have been significantly enhanced with novel experimental results. The papers give an overview of the trends in research and development activities concerning the pervasive application of electronics in industry, the environment, and society. The focus of these papers is on cyber physical systems (CPS), with research proposals for new sensor acquisition and ADC (analog to digital converter) methods, high-speed communication systems, cybersecurity, big data management, and data processing including emerging machine learning techniques. Physical implementation aspects are discussed as well as the trade-off found between functional performance and hardware/system costs.




Processing of Foods and Biomass Feedstocks by Pulsed Electric Energy


Book Description

This book presents a comprehensive range of research on pulsed electric energy used in food processing, including sections on the fundamentals of electroporation and important techniques for the estimation of electroporation effects in various foods and biomass feedstocks. By focusing on application over theory, this book presents researchers with practical steps for processing techniques such as solid-liquid extraction, pressing, osmotic dehydration, drying, freezing and cooking. Special interest is given to the selective recovery and extraction of sugar, inulin, starch, proteins, polysaccharides, polyphenols, pigments, flavor compounds, phytochemicals and other of high-value components from food biomasses such as fruits and vegetables, leaves, herbs, mushrooms, microalgae and suspensions of cells. Processing of Foods and Biomass Feedstocks by Pulsed Electric Energy presents a singular overview of the biorefinery applications of pulsed electric energy for the processing of wastes and non-food biomasses such as root and tuber crops, grape waste, lignocellulosic biomass, oil crops and residues and seeds and peels of exotic and citrus fruits. The book begins by presenting general information on the fundamentals of electroporation and information on the procedures and protocols involved. Further chapters focus on the specific food processing operations involved and biorefinery applications for the processing of wastes and non-food biomasses. All of the relevant and up-to-date information any researcher needs on pulsed electric energy in food processing is presented here in this text.