An Architectonic for Science


Book Description

This book has grown out of eight years of close collaboration among its authors. From the very beginning we decided that its content should come out as the result of a truly common effort. That is, we did not "distribute" parts of the text planned to each one of us. On the contrary, we made a point that each single paragraph be the product of a common reflection. Genuine team-work is not as usual in philosophy as it is in other academic disciplines. We think, however, that this is more due to the idiosyncrasy of philosophers than to the nature of their subject. Close collaboration with positive results is as rewarding as anything can be, but it may also prove to be quite difficult to implement. In our case, part of the difficulties came from purely geographic separation. This caused unsuspected delays in coordinating the work. But more than this, as time passed, the accumulation of particular results and ideas outran our ability to fit them into an organic unity. Different styles of exposition, different ways of formalization, different levels of complexity were simultaneously present in a voluminous manuscript that had become completely unmanageable. In particular, a portion of the text had been conceived in the language of category theory and employed ideas of a rather abstract nature, while another part was expounded in the more conventional set-theoretic style, stressing intui tivity and concreteness.




Mechanics of Structural Elements


Book Description

The book systematically presents variational principles and methods of analysis for applied elasticity and structural mechanics. The variational approach is used consistently for both, constructing numerical procedures and deriving basic governing equations of applied mechanics of solids; it is the derivation of equations where this approach is most powerful and best grounded by mathematics.




The Elements of Mechanism


Book Description




Boundary Elements: Theory and Applications


Book Description

The author's ambition for this publication was to make BEM accessible to the student as well as to the professional engineer. For this reason, his maintask was to organize and present the material in such a way so that the book becomes "user-friendly" and easy to comprehend, taking into account only the mathematics and mechanics to which students have been exposed during their undergraduate studies. This effort led to an innovative, in many aspects, way of presentingBEM, including the derivation of fundamental solutions, the integral representation of the solutions and the boundary integral equations for various governing differentialequations in a simple way minimizing a recourse to mathematics with which the student is not familiar. The indicial and tensorial notations, though they facilitate the author's work and allow to borrow ready to use expressions from the literature, have been avoided in the present book. Nevertheless, all the necessary preliminary mathematical concepts have been included in order to make the book complete and self-sufficient.Throughout the book, every concept is followed by example problems, which have been worked out in detail and with all the necessary clarifications. Furthermore, each chapter of the book is enriched with problems-to-solve. These problems serve a threefold purpose. Some of them are simple and aim at applying and better understanding the presented theory, some others are more difficult and aim at extending the theory to special cases requiring a deeper understanding of the concepts, and others are small projects which serve the purpose of familiarizing the student with BEM programming and the programs contained in the CD-ROM.The latter class of problems is very important as it helps students to comprehend the usefulness and effectiveness of the method by solving real-life engineering problems. Through these problems students realize that the BEM is a powerful computational tool and not an alternative theoretical approach for dealing with physical problems. My experience in teaching BEM shows that this is the students' most favorite type of problems. They are delighted to solve them, since they integrate their knowledge and make them feel confident in mastering BEM.The CD-ROM which accompanies the book contains the source codes of all the computer programs developed in the book, so that the student or the engineer can use them for the solution of a broad class of problems. Among them are general potential problems, problems of torsion, thermal conductivity,deflection of membranes and plates, flow of incompressible fluids, flow through porous media, in isotropic or anisotropic, homogeneous or composite bodies, as well as plane elastostatic problems in simply or multiply connected domains. As one can readily find out from the variety of the applications, the book is useful for engineers of all disciplines. The author is hopeful that the present book will introduce the reader to BEM in an easy, smooth and pleasant way and also contribute to itsdissemination as a modern robust computational tool for solving engineering problems.




An Introduction to the Mathematical Theory of Finite Elements


Book Description

This introduction to the theory of Sobolev spaces and Hilbert space methods in partial differential equations is geared toward readers of modest mathematical backgrounds. It offers coherent, accessible demonstrations of the use of these techniques in developing the foundations of the theory of finite element approximations. J. T. Oden is Director of the Institute for Computational Engineering & Sciences (ICES) at the University of Texas at Austin, and J. N. Reddy is a Professor of Engineering at Texas A&M University. They developed this essentially self-contained text from their seminars and courses for students with diverse educational backgrounds. Their effective presentation begins with introductory accounts of the theory of distributions, Sobolev spaces, intermediate spaces and duality, the theory of elliptic equations, and variational boundary value problems. The second half of the text explores the theory of finite element interpolation, finite element methods for elliptic equations, and finite element methods for initial boundary value problems. Detailed proofs of the major theorems appear throughout the text, in addition to numerous examples.




The Finite Element Method for Solid and Structural Mechanics


Book Description

This is the key text and reference for engineers, researchers and senior students dealing with the analysis and modelling of structures – from large civil engineering projects such as dams, to aircraft structures, through to small engineered components. Covering small and large deformation behaviour of solids and structures, it is an essential book for engineers and mathematicians. The new edition is a complete solids and structures text and reference in its own right and forms part of the world-renowned Finite Element Method series by Zienkiewicz and Taylor. New material in this edition includes separate coverage of solid continua and structural theories of rods, plates and shells; extended coverage of plasticity (isotropic and anisotropic); node-to-surface and 'mortar' method treatments; problems involving solids and rigid and pseudo-rigid bodies; and multi-scale modelling. - Dedicated coverage of solid and structural mechanics by world-renowned authors, Zienkiewicz and Taylor - New material including separate coverage of solid continua and structural theories of rods, plates and shells; extended coverage for small and finite deformation; elastic and inelastic material constitution; contact modelling; problems involving solids, rigid and discrete elements; and multi-scale modelling




Elements of Information Theory


Book Description

The latest edition of this classic is updated with new problem sets and material The Second Edition of this fundamental textbook maintains the book's tradition of clear, thought-provoking instruction. Readers are provided once again with an instructive mix of mathematics, physics, statistics, and information theory. All the essential topics in information theory are covered in detail, including entropy, data compression, channel capacity, rate distortion, network information theory, and hypothesis testing. The authors provide readers with a solid understanding of the underlying theory and applications. Problem sets and a telegraphic summary at the end of each chapter further assist readers. The historical notes that follow each chapter recap the main points. The Second Edition features: * Chapters reorganized to improve teaching * 200 new problems * New material on source coding, portfolio theory, and feedback capacity * Updated references Now current and enhanced, the Second Edition of Elements of Information Theory remains the ideal textbook for upper-level undergraduate and graduate courses in electrical engineering, statistics, and telecommunications.




Elements of Advanced Quantum Theory


Book Description

This textbook gives a connected mathematical derivation of the important mathematical results, concentrating on the central ideas without including elaborate detail or unnecessary rigour, and explaining in the simplest terms the symbols and concepts which confront the researcher in solid state, nuclear or high-energy physics.




Finite element theory and its application with open source codes


Book Description

This book combines essential finite element (FE) theory with a set of fourteen tutorials using relatively easy-to-use open source CAD, FE and other numerical analysis codes so a student can undertake practical analysis and self-study. The theory covers fundamentals of the finite element method. Formulation of element stiffness for one dimensional bar and beam, two dimensional and three dimensional continuum elements, plate and shell elements are derived based on energy and variational methods. Linear, nonlinear and transient dynamic solution methods are covered for both mechanical and field analysis problems with a focus on heat transfer. Other important theoretical topics covered include element integration, element assembly, loads, boundary conditions, contact and a chapter devoted to material laws on elasticity, hyperelasticity and plasticity. A brief introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is also included. The second half of this book presents a chapter on using tutorials containing information on code installation (on Windows) and getting started, and general hints on meshing, modelling and analysis. This is then followed by tutorials and exercises that cover linear, nonlinear and dynamic mechanical analysis, steady state and transient heat analysis, field analysis, fatigue, buckling and frequency analysis, a hydraulic pipe network analysis, and lastly two tutorials on CFD simulation. In each case theory is linked with application and exercises are included for further self-study. For these tutorials open source codes FreeCAD, CalculiX, FreeMAT and OpenFOAM are used. CalculiX is a comprehensive FE package covering linear, nonlinear and transient analysis. One particular benefit is that its format and structure is based on Abaqus, so knowledge gained is relevant to a leading commercial code. FreeCAD is primarily a powerful CAD modelling code, that includes good finite element meshing and modelling capabilities and is fully integrated with CalculiX. FreeMAT is used in three tutorials for numerical analysis demonstrating algorithms for explicit finite element and CFD analysis. And OpenFOAM is used for other CFD flow simulations. The primary aim of this book is to provide a unified text covering theory and practice, so a student can learn and experiment with these versatile and powerful analysis methods. It should be of value to both finite element courses and for student self-study.