Racionalidad epistémica


Book Description

La sobrevivencia de los seres humanos, individual y colectivamente, depende en gran medida del conocimiento que tengan de su entorno y de ellos mismos. Una de las condiciones que hacen posible ese conocimiento es la capacidad que se denomina 'razón'. La comunicación y las acciones coordinadas entre las personas, así como sus interacciones con el medio ambiente, son posibles en virtud del ejercicio de esa capacidad: la racionalidad. Gracias a ella, los seres humanos aprenden y manejan los lenguajes, conectan unas ideas con otras, hacen inferencias y toman decisiones, por ejemplo, acerca de qué creer y qué no creer, qué fines perseguir o qué cursos de acción tomar. En este volumen, un grupo de destacados filósofos iberoamericanos estudia diferentes aspectos de la racionalidad. En el primer trabajo se expone lúcidamente la evolución de la idea de racionalidad epistémica en el siglo XX. En el segundo, se analiza una idea acariciada a lo largo de toda la historia de la filosofía occidental: la posibilidad de fundamentar el conocimiento sobre bases incontrovertibles. Pero este proyecto con frecuencia ha suscitado la respuesta de los escépticos, quienes dudan que sea posible tener conocimiento genuino de la realidad. Éste es el tema del tercer artículo. En el siguiente se analiza una problemática central de la racionalidad: la argumentación. En el quinto trabajo se discuten las nociones de objetividad y de verdad. Los tres artículos que siguen se concentran sobre las ciencias, a menudo consideradas como ejemplos paradigmáticos de racionalidad. ¿Es merecida esa reputación? Esto se discute mediante el análisis de los problemas de la inteligibilidad racional de la realidad natural y social, de los métodos de las ciencias y del desarrollo científico. En el siguiente trabajo se aborda otro problema discutido ampliamente desde la antigüedad: la racionalidad, ¿es universal o no lo es? Finalmente, en los dos últimos trabajos se discuten los enfoques más recientes que han propuesto la llamada naturalización de la razón, prestando especial atención crítica a los intentos por disolver a la racionalidad.




Cities of Tomorrow


Book Description

Cities of Tomorrow is a critical history of planning in theory and practice in the twentieth century, as well as of the social and economic problems and opportunities that gave rise to it. Trenchant, perceptive, global in coverage, this book is an unrivalled account of its crucial subject. The third edition of Cities of Tomorrow is comprehensively revised to take account of abundant new literature published since its original appearance, and to view the 1990s in historical perspective. This is the definitive edition, reviewing the development of the modern planning movement over the entire span of the twentieth century.




Let Me Speak!


Book Description

A classic recounting of a unionists' struggle against exploitation and dictatorship—from within the mines of Bolivia Let Me Speak! is a moving testimony from inside the Bolivian tin mines of the 1970s, by a woman whose life was defined by her defiant struggle against those at the very top of the power structure, the Bolivian elite. Blending firsthand accounts with astute political analysis, Domitila Barrios de Chungara describes the hardships endured by Bolivia’s colossal working class, and her own efforts at organizing women in her mining community. The result is a gripping narrative of class struggle and repression, an important social document that illuminates the reality of capitalist exploitation in the dark mines of 1970s Bolivia and beyond. Twenty-five years after it was first published in English in 1978, the new edition of this classic book includes never-before-translated testimonies gathered in the years just before the book’s translation. Let Me Speak picks up Domitila’s life story from the 1977 hunger strike she organized—a rebellion that was instrumental in bringing down the Banzer dictatorship. It then turns to her subsequent exile in Sweden and work as an internationalist seeking solidarity with the Bolivian people in the early 1980s, during the period of the García Meza dictatorship. It concludes with the formation of the Domitila Mobile School in Cochabamba, where her family had been relocated after the mine closures. As we read, we learn from Domitila’s insights into a range of topics, from U.S. imperialism to the environmental crisis, from the challenges of popular resistance in Latin America, to the kind of political organizing we need—all steeped in a conviction that we can, and must, unite social movements with working-class revolt.




Paradises


Book Description

A young mother learns to survive among the snakes, sleaze, and slums of Buenos Aires.




Leopard in the Sun


Book Description

In Laura Restrepo's stunning novel, a feud between two Colombian drug families escalates into a bloody, high-stakes war that will leave no one in its path untouched. The Barragáns and the Monsalves are rival clans, each steeped in wealth and power, each subject only to laws of their own making. The similarities end there. While the Barragáns, headed by the brutal Nando, remain tied to the ancient traditions, the Monsalves grapple with whether or not to follow Mani, their charismatic and conflicted leader, into a modern age in which even fewer rules apply. As both clans ponder the profits they might reap from an expanding global cocaine trade, Nando and Mani are faced with the consequences of their violent pasts--and forced, by their disillusioned women and the prices on their heads, to reckon with the possibility that nothing will be left once all their bullets have found their targets. Rife with sensual detail, this epic story of lust, betrayal, and revenge is as timeless as interfamily conflict and as immediate as today's news.




Surface Encounters


Book Description

Developing a phenomenology of the animal other through contemporary art




Magdalene's Lost Legacy


Book Description

Using New Testament "gematria, " symbolic number values encoded in the Greek phrases, the author reveals that the sacred couple was one of the essential pillars of early Christian teachings, before being denied by the architects of institutional Christianity and obscured by later Church doctrine.




Multi-Agent Systems and Agent-Based Simulation


Book Description

Fifteen papers were presented at the first workshop on Multi-Agent Systems and Agent-Based Simulation held as part of the Agents World conference in Paris, July 4-- 6, 1998. The workshop was designed to bring together two developing communities: the multi-agent systems researchers who were the core participants at Agents World, and social scientists interested in using MAS as a research tool. Most of the social sciences were represented, with contributions touching on sociology, management science, economics, psychology, environmental science, ecology, and linguistics. The workshop was organised in association with SimSoc, an informal group of social scientists who have arranged an irregular series of influential workshops on using simulation in the social sciences beginning in 1992. While the papers were quite heterogeneous in substantive domain and in their disciplinary origins, there were several themes which recurred during the workshop. One of these was considered in more depth in a round table discussion led by Jim Doran at the end of the workshop on 'Representing cognition for social simulation', which addressed the issue of whether and how cognition should be modelled. Quite divergent views were expressed, with some participants denying that individual cognition needed to be modelled at all, and others arguing that cognition must be at the centre of social simulation.




Reflections on Big Science


Book Description

A gathering of essays answering fundamental questions about the changes in science, by one of its keenest observers.