Faith-based Microfinance. An Alternative Tool of Poverty Alleviation


Book Description

Doctoral Thesis / Dissertation from the year 2013 in the subject Sociology - Work, Education, Organisation, grade: A, , course: PhD, language: English, abstract: The poor, like others, too need financial products and services in order to build assets, manage consumption and mitigate risks. Microfinance, in recent times, has emerged as a powerful tool to provide access to some financial services to the poor. For decades, poverty alleviation has topped the International development agenda. United Nations Millennium Goals state that by 2015 the number of people living in extreme poverty should be half of what it was in 2000. Microfinance addresses the twin goals of financial inclusion and poverty alleviation in a way that builds self-esteem in the individual and self-sufficiency in the institution providing the financial services. Different models have emerged in microfinance delivery based on their clientele, focus area, interest rate, savings linkages, collateral, coverage and organizational/legal structure. With all the successes of the existing microfinance models, the herculean task of poverty alleviation still leaves enough space for innovative models. This study explores the potential of faith-based microfinance in complimenting the efforts of poverty alleviation and also overcoming the weaknesses in the existing models. Faith-based microfinance operate on distinct principles. The purpose of this study is to focus on the functioning of the faith based microfinance and to explore its role as an alternative tool of poverty alleviation. In order to get a meaningful insight regarding the impact of faith based microfinance on the lives of the beneficiaries, it is necessary that a comparison is made to the mainstream microfinance on commonly accepted parameters of poverty alleviation.




A Microcredit Alternative in South Asia


Book Description

Microcredit took the development world by storm as a tool for poverty alleviation in the 1980s. After being hailed as a panacea, a few decades on it started being forcefully criticised based on its practice. This book explores Akhuwat (literally brotherhood), a rapidly growing Pakistani NGO formed in 2001, which addresses the shortcomings of conventional microfinance. Its vision is of a society built on empathy and social solidarity and its mission is that of creating self-sufficiency among the entrepreneurial poor. This book examines whether Akhuwat fulfils its promises of not pushing loans or encouraging clients to get on a debt treadmill and helping them to avoid high debt burdens by charging no interest and easing repayment terms. Conventional microcredit organizations are criticised for losing sight of the original mission of poverty alleviation by engaging in empire building and Akhuwat’s goal is to avoid this by embracing an alternative strategy of scaling up. Finally, this book also analyses Akhuwat’s approach as being gender sensitive and embracing all religions, castes and ethnicities. Based on fieldwork designed to assess if Akhuwat is the microcredit alternative it claims to be, this book will be of interest to scholars of poverty and development studies in general and microcredit in particular.




Faith-Based Microfinance in India


Book Description

Faith-based model of microfinance operates on distinct principles deriving their core values from some religious faith or a tradition. The purpose of this study is to understand the functioning and standard operating procedures of the faith-based microfinance institutions, more specifically to study the influence of faith on various aspects of the institution and the roles these institutions play in the area of poverty alleviation. Three cases of Indian faith-based microfinance institutions were selected from three major religious faiths in India, namely, Hinduism, Islam and Christianity. These cases have been analysed individually and comparatively to determine their outreach, operating principles, influence of faith in their operations and their financial performance.




Inspired Finance


Book Description

By tracing an arc of thought and action from both historical and religious figures up through modern microfinance practitioners, Looft illustrates the many ways religious inspiration continues to remain at the crux of international economic development–while raising compelling questions around God and Mammon working together to help the poor.




Relative Effectiveness of Alternative Microfinance-driven Poverty Alleviation Programs in Bangladesh


Book Description

In general, the effectiveness of microfinance-driven poverty-alleviation programs run by Government Organizations (GOs) and Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) in developing countries, such as Bangladesh, is assessed by repayment rates, the number of beneficiaries, the area coverage, the amount of loans disbursed, the cost of operations, profitability, and the financial sustainability of the projects. This study argues that these methods are quite restrictive since none of them reflect the perceptions of poor people concerning the effectiveness of such projects. Development agencies such as GOs and NGOs have never been compared on the basis of service delivery effectiveness (a process-based comparison); nor have they ever been compared on the basis of their relative contribution to raising the living standards of the poor (an outcome-based comparison). Both types of comparison are crucial to poverty reduction. The main reason behind the absence of such comparisons is the unavailability of the appropriate parameters that could be used for such analysis. For the process-based comparison, this study develops and validates a two-dimensional multi-item service delivery effectiveness scale through construct, convergent, discriminant and nomological validity. The scale captures different aspects of effectiveness in the delivery of services. These aspects are termed the ‘credibility dimension’ and the ‘focus towards beneficiaries dimension’ of service delivery in poverty-alleviation programs. For the output-based comparison, this study also develops and validates a ‘multidimensional poverty model’ to compare the effectiveness of GOs and NGOs in contributing to the economic, social, political, and cultural elements in the lives of the poor. The methodology is based on 930 samples collected from 12 districts and 107 randomly chosen villages in Bangladesh during September–December 2009.




Poverty


Book Description

This thesis addresses poverty from different perspectives. One perspective is alleviating poverty through microfinance. Another perspective is analyzing its impacts on education. Microfinance has been recognized as an important tool to alleviate poverty. However, a great proportion of the poor is not able to utilize it because the current microfinance products contradict their religious beliefs. Muslims represent one third of the poor in the world. However, many of them avoid microfinance because of interest. This thesis develops and tests, experimentally, two types of microfinance products that are Islamic compliant. The first type of microfinance products is equity based. The second type is based on RoSCAs (Rotating Savings and Credit Associations). Both types prove to be efficient when compared to the current interest-based microfinance products. The thesis also uses observational data to test for the impact of contextual poverty on scholastic achievement. Micro panel data from Texas schools is used to analyze poverty influences that school students are exposed to in different domains; the neighborhood domain and the school one. We find strong evidence of neighborhood poverty effects on math and reading test scores for 5-8 graders.




Small Loans, Big Dreams


Book Description

Microfinancing is considered one of the most effective strategies in the fight against global poverty. And now, in Small Loans, Big Changes, author Alex Counts reveals how Nobel Prize Winner Muhammad Yunus revolutionized global antipoverty efforts through the development of this approach. This book presents compelling stories of women benefiting from Yunus’s microcredit in rural Bangladesh and urban Chicago, and recounts the experiences of different borrowers in each country, interspersing them with stories of Yunus, his colleagues, and their counterparts in Chicago.







Islamic Microfinance


Book Description

This book is based on the research work which is conducted to find out the impact of Islamic Microfinance on poverty. For this purpose, the clients of Islamic Microfinance Institutions, working in Pakistan, were taken as respondents. Pre and Post project evaluation approach is adopted while conducting the research and a comparison is made between the data of 2009 and 2012. Islamic Microfinance is an emerging industry in Pakistan. It has vast potential to merge the mission of microfinance to reach the poor and give them financial access with the Islamic principle of concern for the miserable. This book is useful for the Islamic Microfinance Institutions working in Pakistan or in any other country in the world in order to make better strategies for Islamic Microfinance. Moreover, this book will be helpful and an informative read for the researchers working in the field of Islamic Microfinance.




Microfinance and Poverty Reduction


Book Description

The book emphasizes the importance of studying the local context, and then considering the macroeconomic factors which may be operating upon the economy of a particular country. Five extended case studies, in the Gambia, Ecuador, Mexico, Pakistan, and the UK are examined with reference to further aspects of sustainability and impact assessment.