Florida Citrus 2004/05 Hurricanes


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Mean Season


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Expert reporting from the editors of the Palm Beach Post capture these tragic events of nature, that happened during the worst hurricane season that Florida has ever seen.







Hurricanes


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A hurricane is a tropical storm with winds that have reached a constant speed of 74 miles per hour or more. Hurricane winds blow in a large spiral around a relative calm centre known as the "eye." The "eye" is generally 20 to 30 miles wide, and the storm may extend outward 400 miles. As a hurricane approaches, the skies will begin to darken and winds will grow in strength. As a hurricane nears land, it can bring torrential rains, high winds, and storm surges. A single hurricane can last for more than 2 weeks over open waters and can run a path across the entire length of the eastern seaboard. August and September are peak months during the hurricane season that lasts from 1 June to 30 November. This book presents the facts and history of hurricanes.




Strategic Planning for the Florida Citrus Industry


Book Description

Citrus greening, a disease that reduces yield, compromises the flavor, color, and size of citrus fruit and eventually kills the citrus tree, is now present in all 34 Floridian citrus-producing counties. Caused by an insect-spread bacterial infection, the disease reduced citrus production in 2008 by several percent and continues to spread, threatening the existence of Florida's $9.3 billion citrus industry. A successful citrus greening response will focus on earlier detection of diseased trees, so that these sources of new infections can be removed more quickly, and on new methods to control the insects that carry the bacteria. In the longerterm, technologies such as genomics could be used to develop new citrus strains that are resistant to both the bacteria and the insect.




Dreams in the New Century


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Florida Book Awards, Gold Medal for Florida Nonfiction Florida Historical Society Charlton Tebeau Book Award A leading Florida historian explores one of the state’s most consequential eras It was a time of stunning episodes of boom and bust, an era of extremes, a decade of historic changes that point to Florida’s future. In this book, eminent historian Gary Mormino illuminates early twenty-first-century Florida and its connections to some of the most significant events in contemporary American history. Following Mormino’s milestone work Land of Sunshine, State of Dreams, which details the dynamic history of Florida from 1950 to 2000, Dreams in the New Century explores the state’s tumultuous next chapter, a period that included the Bush v. Gore election, 9/11, the housing bubble and Great Recession, and the election of Barack Obama. During these years the Elián González story engrossed the country, Tim Tebow rose to football fame, and Donald Trump became a Florida celebrity. From hurricanes to Ponzi schemes, red tides, climate change, the “Stand-Your-Ground” gun law, demographic diversity, and more, Florida offered nonstop news fodder that reflected its extraordinary internal trends and its importance in the nation. As Mormino shows, Florida is a place of deep conflicts—North and South, liberal and conservative, newcomer and local, growth and conservation—with histories that can be traced back centuries. In 2000‒2010, Mormino argues, these tensions collided to produce a “Big Bang” that will continue to resonate in years to come. Mormino takes stock of this crucible of change and explains the social, cultural, and political intricacies of a state the world struggles to understand. Dreams in the New Century unravels Florida’s complicated recent history in a gripping, informative, and fascinating narrative.




Orange Juice from Brazil


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Crop Production


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The Four Florida Hurricanes of 2004 and Their Impact on the Fleet


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In 2004, four hurricanes (Charley, Frances, Ivan and Jeanne) made landfall in the United States within 6 weeks. Each of these storms posed significant challenges to forecasters and Navy Fleet Commanders alike, particularly with respect to making sortie decisions and preparing Naval Stations for the approach of destructive weather. Sortie decisions are now based on the location of>50 kt wind and>12 ft seas, and unnecessary sorties are viewed as wasteful of resources. This Memorandum Report has two purposes: (1) to review the concerns and requirements of Naval Commanders with respect to safeguarding stations, ships, planes, and personnel from the destructive powers of tropical cyclones (TCs); and (2) to use this context as a framework to learn from the track and intensity forecasts of the four "Florida Hurricanes" of August through September 2004. In this Memorandum Report, a brief discussion of Navy Guidelines and hypothetical scenarios regarding avoidance of TCs at sea, as well as Sortie Conditions (SCs) and Tropical Cyclone Conditions of Readiness (CORs) is presented first. Review of the track and intensity forecasts in the cases of Hurricanes Charley, Frances, Ivan, and Jeanne follows. A Summary and Conclusions section presents lessons learned from the experience as well as suggestions on how guidance provided to the Navy for the purposes of setting CORs and ordering sorties could be improved.