Fluoride in Drinking Water


Book Description

Most people associate fluoride with the practice of intentionally adding fluoride to public drinking water supplies for the prevention of tooth decay. However, fluoride can also enter public water systems from natural sources, including runoff from the weathering of fluoride-containing rocks and soils and leaching from soil into groundwater. Fluoride pollution from various industrial emissions can also contaminate water supplies. In a few areas of the United States fluoride concentrations in water are much higher than normal, mostly from natural sources. Fluoride is one of the drinking water contaminants regulated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) because it can occur at these toxic levels. In 1986, the EPA established a maximum allowable concentration for fluoride in drinking water of 4 milligrams per liter, a guideline designed to prevent the public from being exposed to harmful levels of fluoride. Fluoride in Drinking Water reviews research on various health effects from exposure to fluoride, including studies conducted in the last 10 years.







Fluoride in Drinking-water


Book Description

Fluoride is known to occur at elevated concentration in a number of parts of the world, where it can be a significant cause of disease. The primary focus of this book is the prevention of adverse health effects from excessive levels of fluoride in drinking water. The book fills the urgent need, identified for updating the WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, for information on the occurrence of fluoride, its health effects, ways of reducing excess levels, and methods for analysis of fluoride in water. The draft document, produced by a working group of experts convened to consider protection from fluoride and its control, was issued for extensive review and consultation. The resultant book, which incorporates the comments received, was further peer reviewed by experts in developed and developing countries. It is aimed at a wide range of individuals, including health workers and sanitary engineers who may require a broad introduction to the subject with more detailed guidance in some specific areas. Fluoride in Drinking-waterwill be an invaluable reference source for all those concerned with the management of drinking water containing fluoride and the health effects arising from its consumption, including water sector managers and practitioners, as well as health sector staff at policy and implementation levels. It will also be of interest to researchers, students, development workers, and consultants.




Fluoride Drinking Waters


Book Description




Green Technologies for the Defluoridation of Water


Book Description

Green Technologies for the Defluoridation of Water focuses on the application of green technologies for the defluoridation of water using adsorption processes and nanoadsorbents. Chapters cover the environmental and health effects of fluoride presence in ambient air, food, water, soil and vegetation, focus on approaches for analytical methods to determine the presence of fluoride in water, review various types of conventional and advanced techniques used for removal, focus on adsorption as a green technology, review various types of adsorbents, and emphasize a techno-economic assessment with respect to conventional and non-conventional technologies. This book provides readers with comprehensive methods and applications, while also presenting the global impacts of fluoride ion on the environment, including in drinking water, food, air, soil and vegetables. The authors compare different defluoridation technologies in detail, providing researchers in environmental science and nanotechnology fields with the information they need to create solutions on how to safely remove fluoride from water in a sustainable and cost-effective way. - Presents the application of green technology for the defluoridation of water using adsorption processes and nanoadsorbents - Includes methods for effectively removing fluoride ions from potable water and water bodies - Provides techniques that are eco-friendly, without toxic chemicals, and with lower cost options




Biotreatment of Industrial Effluents


Book Description

With increasing government regulation of pollution, as well as willingness to levy punitive fines for transgressions, treatment of industrial waste is a important subject. This book is a single source of information on treatment procedures using biochemical means for all types of solid, liquid and gaseous contaminants generated by various chemical and allied industries. This book is intended for practicing environmental engineers and technologists from any industry as well as researchers and professors. The topics covered include the treatment of gaseous, liquid and solid waste from a large number of chemical and allied industries that include dye stuff, chemical, alcohol, food processing, pesticide, pharmaceuticals, paint etc. Information on aerobic and anaerobic reactors and modeling and simulation of waste treatment systems are also discussed.* Compares chemical and biochemical means of industrial waste treatment* Provides details of technology (i.e. reactors, operating conditions etc) with regard to the biochemistry aspects.* Can be used as a teaching aid for graduate courses and a reference material by practicing environmental scientists and engineers.* Researchers can extract synergy between treatment procedures and various effluents.




Handbook of Water Analysis


Book Description

Extensively revised and updated, Handbook of Water Analysis, Second Edition provides current analytical techniques for detecting compounds in water samples. Maintaining the detailed and accessible style of the original, this edition demonstrates water sampling and preservation methods by enumerating different ways to measure chemical and radiologic




Surface Modified Carbons as Scavengers for Fluoride from Water


Book Description

This book discusses the problems and feasible remediation of fluoride contamination in groundwater. The book investigates applications of various carbons derived from bio-mass and bio-polymers. It also inquires into surface modified carbons that use inorganic ions to help remove excess fluoride ions in drinking water and wastewater effluents. The compliance of kinetic and isotherm models with fluoride sorption is covered, and the suggested mechanisms of defluoridation by surface modified carbon materials is described.




Comprehensive Water Analysis


Book Description

This book brings together in one place all available information on the determination of metals, organics, organometallic compounds, anions, cations, dissolved gases, radioactive substances and miscellaneous determinands in natural and treated waters.




CRC Handbook of Ion Exchange Resins, Volume VI


Book Description

The six-volume CRC Handbook of Ion Exchange Resins reviews the application of ion exchange resins to inorganic analytical chemistry. Extracted from over 6,000 original publications, it presents the information in over 1,000 tables complemented by concise descriptions of analytical methods involving virtually all the elements of the periodic table. Also, the ion exchange characteristics of the elements, as well as other important information required by analysis using ion exchange resins, are presented in separate tables. The methods that allow the multi-element analysis of complex matrices are emphasized. This work includes a general discussion of the theoretical, instrumental, and other principles underlying the various applications of ion exchange resins in inorganic analytical chemistry with special attention focused on techniques based on ion chromatography.