French Literary Fascism


Book Description

This is the first book to provide a sustained critical analysis of the literary-aesthetic dimension of French fascism--the peculiarly French form of what Walter Benjamin called the fascist "aestheticizing of politics." Focusing first on three important extremist nationalist writers at the turn of the century and then on five of the most visible fascist intellectuals in France in the 1930s, David Carroll shows how both traditional and modern concepts of art figure in the elaboration of fascist ideology--and in the presentation of fascism as an art of the political. Carroll is concerned with the internal relations of fascism and literature--how literary fascists conceived of politics as a technique for fashioning a unified people and transforming the disparate elements of society into an organic, totalized work of art. He explores the logic of such aestheticizing, as well as the assumptions about art, literature, and culture at the basis of both the aesthetics and politics of French literary fascists. His book reveals how not only classical humanism but also modern aesthetics that defend the autonomy and integrity of literature became models for xenophobic forms of nationalism and extreme "cultural" forms of anti-Semitism. A cogent analysis of the ideological function of literature and culture in fascism, this work helps us see the ramifications of thinking of literature or art as the truth or essence of politics.




French Peasant Fascism


Book Description

In 1920s France the far-right peasantry wanted an authoritarian and agrarian society. This study examines their singular lack of success and the enduring French perception of themselves as a peasant nation.




The Collaborator


Book Description

Relates the story of the only French writer to be executed for treason during World War II, from his rise during the 1930s to his trial and death in front of a firing squad.




French Lessons


Book Description

“[A] cultural odyssey, a brave attempt to articulate the compulsions that drove [Kaplan] to embrace foreignness in order to become truly herself.” —The Washington Post Book World Brilliantly uniting the personal and the critical, French Lessons is a powerful autobiographical experiment. It tells the story of an American woman escaping into the French language and of a scholar and teacher coming to grips with her history of learning. In spare, midwestern prose, by turns intimate and wry, Kaplan describes how, as a student in a Swiss boarding school and later in a junior year abroad in Bordeaux, she passionately sought the French “r,” attentively honed her accent, and learned the idioms of her French lover. When, as a graduate student, her passion for French culture turned to the elegance and sophistication of its intellectual life, she found herself drawn to the language and style of the novelist Louis-Ferdinand Celine. At the same time, she was repulsed by his anti-Semitism. At Yale in the late 70s, during the heyday of deconstruction she chose to transgress its apolitical purity and work on a subject “that made history impossible to ignore”: French fascist intellectuals. Kaplan’s discussion of the “de Man affair” —the discovery that her brilliant and charismatic Yale professor had written compromising articles for the pro-Nazi Belgian press—and her personal account of the paradoxes of deconstruction are among the most compelling available on this subject. French Lessons belongs in the company of Sartre’s Words and the memoirs of Nathalie Sarraute, Annie Ernaux, and Eva Hoffman. No book so engrossingly conveys both the excitement of learning and the moral dilemmas of the intellectual life.




Avant-Garde Fascism


Book Description

An investigation of the central role that theories of the visual arts and creativity played in the development of fascism in France between 1909 and 1939.




The French Right Between the Wars


Book Description

During the interwar years France experienced severe political polarization. At the time many observers, particularly on the left, feared that the French right had embraced fascism, generating a fierce debate that has engaged scholars for decades, but has also obscured critical changes in French society and culture during the 1920s and 1930s. This collection of essays shifts the focus away from long-standing controversies in order to examine various elements of the French right, from writers to politicians, social workers to street fighters, in their broader social, cultural, and political contexts. It offers a wide-ranging reassessment of the structures, mentalities, and significance of various conservative and extremist organizations, deepening our understanding of French and European history in a troubled yet fascinating era.




Nationalism, Anti-semitism, and Fascism in France


Book Description

In a wide-ranging set of essays on political, literary, and cultural figures, this book traces the history of nationalism in France in all its permutations?its myths, obsessions, possibilities, and dangers.




Louis-Ferdinand Céline


Book Description

The first English-language biography in more than two decades of the French writer, one of the great novelists of the twentieth century. Louis-Ferdinand Céline was one of the most innovative novelists of the twentieth century, and his influence both in his native France and beyond remains huge. This book sheds light on Céline’s groundbreaking novels, which drew extensively on his complex life: he rose from humble beginnings to worldwide literary fame, then dramatically fell from grace only to return, belatedly, to the limelight. Céline’s subversive writing remains fresh and urgent today, despite his controversial political views and inflammatory pamphlets that threatened to ruin his reputation. The first English-language biography of Céline in more than two decades, this book explores new material and reminds us why the author belongs in the pantheon of modern greats.




Otto Abetz and His Paris Acolytes


Book Description

Before Hitler came to power, Otto Abetz was a left-wing Francophile teacher in provincial Germany, mobilising young French and German idealists to work together for peace through Franco-German reconciliation and a united Europe. Abetz married a French girl but, after 1933, succumbed to the Nazi sirens. Ribbentrop recruited him as his expert on France, tasking him with soothing the nervous French as Hitler turned Germany into a war machine. Abetz built up a network of opinion-moulding French men and women who admired the Nazis and detested the Bolsheviks, and he encouraged them to use their pens to highlight Hitler's triumphs. In 1939, France expelled Abetz as a Nazi agent but the following year he returned in triumph with the German army as an ambassador in Paris, appointed by Hitler. During the war, Abetz (apart from 'securing' works of art and playing a role in the deportation of Jews) manoeuvred three of his French publicist friends-Jean Luchaire, Fernand de Brinon, Drieu la Rochelle-into key positions from where they could laud Nazi achievements and denigrate the Resistance. A prime question the author addresses is why these writers and two others, Jules Romains and Bertrand de Jouvenel (all of whom had close Jewish family connections)supported the Nazi ideology. At the war's end, Drieu commited suicide, while Luchaire and Brinon were tried and executed as traitors. Abetz, charged with war crimes, pleaded that he saved France from being 'Polonized, ' but a French court found him guilty and imprisoned him. He was released early but died in a mysterious car crash-a saboteur being suspected of having tampered with the steering. Subject: Literature, Politics, Fascism




Post-fascist Fantasies


Book Description

Employing an approach informed by Slavoj Zizek's work on the Communist's sublime body and by British psychoanalytic feminism's concern with feminine subjectivity, Hell first examines the antifascist works by exiled authors and authors tied to the resistance movement. She then strives to understand the role of Christa Wolf, the GDR's most prominent author, in the GDR's effort to reconstruct symbolic power after the Nazi period.