Fundamentals of Antimicrobial Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics


Book Description

Over the past decade, significant progress has been made in the theory and applications of pharmacodynamics of antimicrobial agents. On the basis of pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling concepts it has become possible to describe and predict the time course of antimicrobial effects under normal and pathophysiological conditions. The study of pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships can be of considerable value in understanding drug action, defining optimal dosing regimens, and in making predictions under new or changing pre-clinical and clinical circumstances. Not surprisingly, pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling concepts are increasingly applied in both basic and clinical research as well as in drug development. The book will be designed as a reference on the application of pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic principles for the optimization of antimicrobial therapy, namely pharmacotherapy, and infectious diseases. The reader will be introduced to various aspects of the fundamentals of antimicrobial pharmacodynamics, the integration of pharmacokinetics with pharmacodynamics for all major classes of antibiotics, and the translation of in vitro and animal model data to basic research and clinical situations in humans.




The Pharmacist's Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy and Stewardship


Book Description

When a patient comes in with a suspected infectious disease, knowledge is power. Now this knowledge is simplified, comprehensive and easy to find. The Pharmacist's Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy and Stewardship puts all the necessary information in one place, including: Evaluating potentially infected patients Identifying the infection's suspected source and related organisms Comparing the range of anti-infectives Knowing the factors that impact treatment Developing an antimicrobial stewardship program A step-wise approach walks logically from overall key concepts to disease- and drug-specific information. Disease states are summarized for easy reference. Tables make it easy to evaluate recommended treatment options. In infectious disease management, when answers are seldom black and white, this guide helps pharmacists make confident decisions.




Antibiotic Pharmacodynamics


Book Description

This text offers state of the art contributions written by world renown experts which provide an extensive background on specific classes of antibiotics and summarize our understanding as to how these antibiotics might be optimally used in a clinical situation. The book explores pharmacodynamics methods for anti-infective agents, pharmacodynamics of antibacterial agents and non-antibacterial agents, as well as pharmacodynamic considerations and special populations. As part of the Methods in Pharmacology and Toxicology series, chapters include detailed insight and practical information for the lab. Comprehensive and cutting-edge, Antibiotic Pharmacodynamics serves as an ideal reference for scientists investigating advances in antibiotic pharmacodynamics now finding their way into the antibiotic development process used for licensing new antibiotics.




Fundamentals of Anaesthesia


Book Description

The second edition of Fundamentals of Anaesthesia builds upon the success of the first edition, and encapsulates the modern practice of anaesthesia in a single volume. Written and edited by a team of expert contributors, it provides a comprehensive but easily readable account of all of the information required by the FRCA Primary examination candidate and has been expanded to include more detail on all topics and to include new topics now covered in the examination. As with the previous edition, presentation of information is clear and concise, with the use of lists, tables, summary boxes and line illustrations where necessary to highlight important information and aid the understanding of complex topics. Great care has been taken to ensure an unrivalled consistency of style and presentation throughout.




Oxford Textbook of Fundamentals of Surgery


Book Description

A definitive, accessible, and reliable resource which provides a solid foundation of the knowledge and basic science needed to hone all of the core surgical skills used in surgical settings. Presented in a clear and accessible way it addresses the cross-specialty aspects of surgery applicable to all trainees.




Fundamentals of Pharmacology for Children's Nurses


Book Description

Registered Nurses must have thorough knowledge of pharmacology, medicines administration, and the effects of medicines. Fundamentals of Pharmacology for Children's Nurses is written for nurses and allied health professionals involved in the care of children and young people (CYP) to focus exclusively on pharmacology. Filling a gap in current literature on the subject, this much-needed resource develops the competence and confidence required to prescribe, dispense, and administer medicines to children and young people. Emphasising the importance of patient-centered care to CYP, the text describes the role of the healthcare provider working with CYP and their families; explains how to use pharmaceutical and prescribing reference guides; discusses legal and ethical issues; examines pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics, and more. Helping readers respond appropriately and compassionately to the needs of those receiving care and their families, this textbook: Covers a wide range of medications used in diabetes, cancer, mental health, and other areas Features a wealth of full-colour images and numerous pedagogical tools including learning objectives, self-test questions, and reflective exercises to enable readers to contextualise and assess their knowledge Presents case studies to reinforce learning, and illustrate the application of theory to practice Provides authoritative and practical guidance on formulations, adverse drug reactions, analgesics, antibiotics, immunisations, and the medications most commonly used when providing care to CYP Includes access to a companion website with interactive MCQs, case studies, references, an image bank, and links to further reading and supplemental resources Fundamentals of Pharmacology for Children's Nurses is essential reading for undergraduate children's nursing students, trainee nursing associates, those undertaking healthcare programmes of study, as well as those seeking to better understand pharmacology.




Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Data Analysis: Concepts and Applications, Third Edition


Book Description

This is a revised and very expanded version of the previous second edition of the book. "Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Data Analysis" provides an introduction into pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic concepts using simple illustrations and reasoning. It describes ways in which pharmacodynamic and pharmacodynamic theory may be used to give insight into modeling questions and how these questions can in turn lead to new knowledge. This book differentiates itself from other texts in this area in that it bridges the gap between relevant theory and the actual application of the theory to real life situations. The book is divided into two parts; the first introduces fundamental principles of PK and PD concepts, and principles of mathematical modeling, while the second provides case studies obtained from drug industry and academia. Topics included in the first part include a discussion of the statistical principles of model fitting, including how to assess the adequacy of the fit of a model, as well as strategies for selection of time points to be included in the design of a study. The first part also introduces basic pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic concepts, including an excellent discussion of effect compartment (link) models as well as indirect response models. The second part of the text includes over 70 modeling case studies. These include a discussion of the selection of the model, derivation of initial parameter estimates and interpretation of the corresponding output. Finally, the authors discuss a number of pharmacodynamic modeling situations including receptor binding models, synergy, and tolerance models (feedback and precursor models). This book will be of interest to researchers, to graduate students and advanced undergraduate students in the PK/PD area who wish to learn how to analyze biological data and build models and to become familiar with new areas of application. In addition, the text will be of interest to toxicologists interested in learning about determinants of exposure and performing toxicokinetic modeling. The inclusion of the numerous exercises and models makes it an excellent primary or adjutant text for traditional PK courses taught in pharmacy and medical schools. A diskette is included with the text that includes all of the exercises and solutions using WinNonlin.




Principles and Practice of Hospital Medicine


Book Description

The definitive guide to the knowledge and skills necessary to practice Hospital Medicine Presented in full color and enhanced by more than 700 illustrations, this authoritative text provides a background in all the important clinical, organizational, and administrative areas now required for the practice of hospital medicine. The goal of the book is provide trainees, junior and senior clinicians, and other professionals with a comprehensive resource that they can use to improve care processes and performance in the hospitals that serve their communities. Each chapter opens with boxed Key Clinical Questions that are addressed in the text and hundreds of tables encapsulate important information. Case studies demonstrate how to apply the concepts covered in the text directly to the hospitalized patient. Principles and Practice of Hospital Medicine is divided into six parts: Systems of Care: Introduces key issues in Hospital Medicine, patient safety, quality improvement, leadership and practice management, professionalism and medical ethics, medical legal issues and risk management, teaching and development. Medical Consultation and Co-Management: Reviews core tenets of medical consultation, preoperative assessment and management of post-operative medical problems. Clinical Problem-Solving in Hospital Medicine: Introduces principles of evidence-based medicine, quality of evidence, interpretation of diagnostic tests, systemic reviews and meta-analysis, and knowledge translations to clinical practice. Approach to the Patient at the Bedside: Details the diagnosis, testing, and initial management of common complaints that may either precipitate admission or arise during hospitalization. Hospitalist Skills: Covers the interpretation of common “low tech” tests that are routinely accessible on admission, how to optimize the use of radiology services, and the standardization of the execution of procedures routinely performed by some hospitalists. Clinical Conditions: Reflects the expanding scope of Hospital Medicine by including sections of Emergency Medicine, Critical Care, Geriatrics, Neurology, Palliative Care, Pregnancy, Psychiatry and Addiction, and Wartime Medicine.




Anesthetic Pharmacology


Book Description

In recent years our understanding of molecular mechanisms of drug action and interindividual variability in drug response has grown enormously. Meanwhile, the practice of anesthesiology has expanded to the preoperative environment and numerous locations outside the OR. Anesthetic Pharmacology: Basic Principles and Clinical Practice, 2nd edition, is an outstanding therapeutic resource in anesthesia and critical care: Section 1 introduces the principles of drug action, Section 2 presents the molecular, cellular and integrated physiology of the target organ/functional system and Section 3 reviews the pharmacology and toxicology of anesthetic drugs. The new Section 4, Therapeutics of Clinical Practice, provides integrated and comparative pharmacology and the practical application of drugs in daily clinical practice. Edited by three highly acclaimed academic anesthetic pharmacologists, with contributions from an international team of experts, and illustrated in full colour, this is a sophisticated, user-friendly resource for all practitioners providing care in the perioperative period.




Antibiotic Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Considerations in the Critically Ill


Book Description

This book provides unique insights into the issues that drive modified dosing regimens for antibiotics in the critically ill. Leading international authors provide their commentary alongside a summary of existing evidence on how to effectively dose antibiotics. Severe infection frequently necessitates admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). Equally, nosocomial sepsis often complicates the clinical course in ICU. Early, appropriate application of antibiotic therapy remains a cornerstone of effective management. However, this is challenging in the critical care environment, given the significant changes in patient physiology and organ function frequently encountered. Being cognisant of these factors, prescribers need to consider modified dosing regimens, not only to ensure adequate drug exposure, and therefore the greatest chance of clinical cure, but also to avoid encouraging drug resistance.