The Science and Engineering of Granulation Processes


Book Description

This book had its origins in a meeting between two (relatively) young particle technology researchers on Rehobeth Beach in Delaware in 1992 near the holiday house of Reg Davies (then Director of the Particle Science and Technology Research Center in Dupont). As we played in the sand, we shared an excitement for developments in particle technology, especially particle characterization, that would lead operations such as granulation to be placed on a sound scientific and engineering footing. The immediate outcome from this interaction was the development of new industry short courses in granulation and related topics which we taught together both in Australia and North America. This book follows closely the structure and approaches developed in these courses, particularly the emphasis on particle design in granulation, where the impact of both formulation properties and process variables on product attributes needs to be understood and quantified. The book has been a long time in the making. We have been actively preparing the book for at least five years. Although the chapters have relatively good bibliographies, this book is not a review of the field. Rather it is an attempt by the authors to present a comprehensive engineering approach to granulator design, scale up and operation. It is exciting for us to see the explosion of research interest around the world in this area in the last five to seven years. Some of the most recent work will have to find its way into the second edition.




Handbook of Pharmaceutical Granulation Technology


Book Description

Theoretical discussions covering granulation and engineering perspectives. Covers new advances in expert systems, process modelling and bioavailability Chapters on emerging technologies in particle engineering Updated Current research and developments in granulation technologies




Granulation


Book Description

Granulation provides a complete and comprehensive introduction on the state-of-the-art of granulation and how it can be applied both in an academic context and from an industrial perspective. Coupling science and engineering practices it covers differing length scales from the sub-granule level through behaviour through single granules, to bulk granule behaviour and equipment design. With special focus on a wide range of industrially relevant areas from fertilizer production, through to pharmaceuticals. Experimental data is complemented by mathematical modelling in this emerging field, allowing for a greater understanding of the basis of particle products and this important industry sector.Four themes run through the book: 1. The Macro Scale processing for Granulation – including up to date descriptions of the methods used for granulation and how they come about and how to monitor – on-line these changes.2. The Applications of granulation from an industrial perspective, with current descriptive roles and how they are undertaken with relevance to industry, and effective properties.3. Mechanistic descriptions of granulation and the different rate processes occurring within the granulator. This includes methods of modelling the process using Population – Balance Equations, and Multi-level Computational Fluid Dynamics Models.4. The Micro Scale: Granules and Smaller, looking at single granules and there interactions and modelling, while also considering the structure of granules and their constituent liquid bridges.* Covers a wide range of subjects and industrial applications* Provides an understanding of current issues for industrial and academic environments* Allows the reader an understanding of the science behind engineered granulation processes




Pharmaceutical Blending and Mixing


Book Description

Written in four parts, this book provides a dedicated and in-depth reference for blending within the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry. It links the science of blending with regulatory requirements associated with pharmaceutical manufacture. The contributors are a combination of leading academic and industrial experts, who provide an informed and industrially relevant perspective of the topic. This is an essential book for the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry, and related academic researchers in pharmaceutical science and chemical and mechanical engineering.




Handbook of Pharmaceutical Wet Granulation


Book Description

Handbook of Pharmaceutical Wet Granulation: Theory and Practice in a Quality by Design Paradigm offers a single and comprehensive reference dedicated to all aspects of pharmaceutical wet granulation, taking a holistic approach by combining introductory principles with practical solutions. Chapters are written by international experts across industry, academic and regulatory settings, and cover a wide spectrum of relevant and contemporary wet granulation topics, techniques and processes. The books' focus on process analytical technology, quality by design principles, granulation equipment, modeling, scale-up, control and real time release makes it a timely and valuable resource for all those involved in pharmaceutical wet granulation. - Discusses fundamentals of theory and current industrial practice in the field of wet granulation, including product and process design and role of material properties in wet granulation - Examines the modern evolution of wet granulation through current topics such as established and novel process analytical technologies (PATs), and product development and scale-up paradigms - Written for scientists working within the pharmaceutical industry, as well as academics, regulatory officials and equipment vendors who provide PAT tools and granulation equipment




Granularity in Materials Science


Book Description

Granular materials are a special topic of recent research and are a milestone of science and technology. These materials are very simple: they are large conglomerations of discrete macroscopic particles. Granular materials have a broad area of development, which is growing rapidly day by day. Their impact on commercial applications and academia and education is huge. The basic points of this book are the important applications and properties of granular materials. For example, special mention is made of rheological points, shapes, and civil engineering aspects.




Granulation Technology for Bioproducts


Book Description

Granulation technology is important to the manufacturing of many bioproducts, such as detergent enzymes (biologically-derived products) and pharmaceuticals (bioactive products). This book describes the granulation of bioproducts through traditional approaches, such as fluidized bed granulation, spray drying, high-shear granulation and extrusion-spheronization, in addition to the application of newer approaches such as microencapsulation and liquid phase granulation. Freeze drying is also covered, which is the preferred mode for producing granular starter cultures used in the dairy industry. In addition to discussions regarding the full spectrum of suitable granulation processes, post-granulation steps such as drying (for wet processes) and coating are explained. The slant of the book is practical, which is borne out by chapters regarding the various industrial processes used to manufacture granular detergent enzymes and immobilized glucose isomerase and the selection of proper granulation processes for specific applications. Granulation Technology for Bioproducts is an important book for all bioproduct processing engineers.




Design and Processing of Particulate Products


Book Description

A unique text providing comprehensive coverage of fundamental particle science, processing and technology. Including quantitative tools, real-world case studies and end-of-chapter problems, it is ideal for students in engineering and applied sciences, as well as for practitioners in a range of industries manufacturing particulate products.




Aerobic Granular Sludge


Book Description

Aerobic Granular Sludge has recently received growing attention by researchers and technology developers, worldwide. Laboratory studies and preliminary field tests led to the conclusion that granular activated sludge can be readily established and profitably used in activated sludge plants, provided 'correct' process conditions are chosen. But what makes process conditions 'correct'? And what makes granules different from activated sludge flocs? Answers to these question are offered in Aerobic Granular Sludge. Major topics covered in this book include: Reasons and mechanism of aerobic granule formation Structure of the microbial population of aerobic granules Role, composition and physical properties of EPS Diffuse limitation and microbial activity within granules Physio-chemical characteristics Operation and application of granule reactors Scale-up aspects of granular sludge reactors, and case studies Aerobic Granular Sludge provides up-to-date information about a rapidly emerging new technology of biological treatment.




An Introduction to Computing with Fuzzy Sets


Book Description

This book provides concise yet thorough coverage of the fundamentals and technology of fuzzy sets. Readers will find a lucid and systematic introduction to the essential concepts of fuzzy set-based information granules, their processing and detailed algorithms. Timely topics and recent advances in fuzzy modeling and its principles, neurocomputing, fuzzy set estimation, granulation–degranulation, and fuzzy sets of higher type and order are discussed. In turn, a wealth of examples, case studies, problems and motivating arguments, spread throughout the text and linked with various areas of artificial intelligence, will help readers acquire a solid working knowledge. Given the book’s well-balanced combination of the theory and applied facets of fuzzy sets, it will appeal to a broad readership in both academe and industry. It is also ideally suited as a textbook for graduate and undergraduate students in science, engineering, and operations research.