Author : John V. Lake
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 258 pages
File Size : 34,61 MB
Release : 2008-04-30
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 0470515279
This up-to-the-minute account examines how radionuclides affect human health. It explores how radionuclides travel through various food chains and how they are transported throughout the terrestrial and aquatic environments.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 424 pages
File Size : 31,39 MB
Release : 2012-06-29
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0309255716
In the late 1980s, the National Cancer Institute initiated an investigation of cancer risks in populations near 52 commercial nuclear power plants and 10 Department of Energy nuclear facilities (including research and nuclear weapons production facilities and one reprocessing plant) in the United States. The results of the NCI investigation were used a primary resource for communicating with the public about the cancer risks near the nuclear facilities. However, this study is now over 20 years old. The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission requested that the National Academy of Sciences provide an updated assessment of cancer risks in populations near USNRC-licensed nuclear facilities that utilize or process uranium for the production of electricity. Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations near Nuclear Facilities: Phase 1 focuses on identifying scientifically sound approaches for carrying out an assessment of cancer risks associated with living near a nuclear facility, judgments about the strengths and weaknesses of various statistical power, ability to assess potential confounding factors, possible biases, and required effort. The results from this Phase 1 study will be used to inform the design of cancer risk assessment, which will be carried out in Phase 2. This report is beneficial for the general public, communities near nuclear facilities, stakeholders, healthcare providers, policy makers, state and local officials, community leaders, and the media.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 623 pages
File Size : 35,50 MB
Release : 1988-02-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 0309037891
This book describes hazards from radon progeny and other alpha-emitters that humans may inhale or ingest from their environment. In their analysis, the authors summarize in one document clinical and epidemiological evidence, the results of animal studies, research on alpha-particle damage at the cellular level, metabolic pathways for internal alpha-emitters, dosimetry and microdosimetry of radionuclides deposited in specific tissues, and the chemical toxicity of some low-specific-activity alpha-emitters. Techniques for estimating the risks to humans posed by radon and other internally deposited alpha-emitters are offered, along with a discussion of formulas, models, methods, and the level of uncertainty inherent in the risk estimates.
Author :
Publisher :
Page : 84 pages
File Size : 19,96 MB
Release : 1993
Category :
ISBN :
Several studies designed to identify and quantify the potential health effects of accidental releases of radionuclides from nuclear power plants have been Sponsored by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Report NUREG/CR-2l4, Rev. 1, Part II (NRC, 1989a) describes in detail the most recent health effects models that have evolved from these efforts. Since the Part II report was published in 1989, two addenda to that report have been prepared to (1) incorporate other scientific information related to low-LET health effects models and (2) extend the models to consider the possible health consequences of including alpha-emitting actinide radionuclides in the exposure source term. The first addendum was published as NUREGICRA2l4, Rev. 1, Part II, Addendum 1 (NRC, 1991). This report, the second addendum to the Part II report, extends the health effects models to consider chronic irradiation from alpha-emitting radionuclides as well as low-LET sources. Consistent with the organization of past reports, this report has three main sections that address early-occurring and continuing effects, late somatic effects, and genetic effects. These results should be used with the basic NUREG/CR-4214 report and Addendum 1 to obtain current views on potential health effects models for radionuclides released accidentally from nuclear power plants. (MM).
Author : Nataesa Todoroviac
Publisher : Nova Science Publishers
Page : 355 pages
File Size : 30,77 MB
Release : 2020
Category : Radioactive pollution
ISBN : 9781536173796
Our world has been radioactive ever since! Humans are primarily exposed to natural radiation from the Sun, cosmic rays, and naturally-occurring radionuclides found in the Earth's crust. Besides the natural radioactivity, industries, which produce radioactive wastes during their normal operations or during their dismantling and decommissioning processes, do contaminate the environment through the release of radionuclides into the air, soil and water. Among them, nuclear power plants, NORM (Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials) related industries, hospitals, radionuclide production facilities, uranium mining and other nuclear facilities, along with radioactive/nuclear disposal sites are a potential source of environmental contamination by emission/discharging of natural/artificial radionuclides through water, air and soil to the other environmental compartments like plants, animals and foods. In a word, everything that makes our existence! The book ''Radionuclides: Properties, Behavior and Potential Health Effects" is a comprehensive overview of some information on radiation in the environment and human exposure to radioactivity. This book highlights the sources, properties, behaviors, and biological and ecological effects of radioactivity from both natural and anthropogenic sources. The emphasis is on the environmental aspects of radionuclides and their eventual effects on biota, particularly humans.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 262 pages
File Size : 38,47 MB
Release : 2003-12-17
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0309166691
Radioactive iodines are produced during the operation of nuclear power plants and during the detonation of nuclear weapons. In the event of a radiation incident, radioiodine is one of the contaminants that could be released into the environment. Exposure to radioiodine can lead to radiation injury to the thyroid, including thyroid cancer. Radiation to the thyroid from radioiodine can be limited by taking a nonradioactive iodine (stable iodine) such as potassium iodide. This book assesses strategies for the distribution and administration of potassium iodide (KI) in the event of a nuclear incident. The report says that potassium iodide pills should be available to everyone age 40 or youngerâ€"especially children and pregnant and lactating womenâ€"living near a nuclear power plant. States and municipalities should decide how to stockpile, distribute, and administer potassium iodide tablets, and federal agencies should keep a backup supply of tablets and be prepared to distribute them to affected areas.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 293 pages
File Size : 45,90 MB
Release : 1999-02-25
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0309062977
Naturally occurring radionuclides are found throughout the earth's crust, and they form part of the natural background of radiation to which all humans are exposed. Many human activities-such as mining and milling of ores, extraction of petroleum products, use of groundwater for domestic purposes, and living in houses-alter the natural background of radiation either by moving naturally occurring radionuclides from inaccessible locations to locations where humans are present or by concentrating the radionuclides in the exposure environment. Such alterations of the natural environment can increase, sometimes substantially, radiation exposures of the public. Exposures of the public to naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) that result from human activities that alter the natural environment can be subjected to regulatory control, at least to some degree. The regulation of public exposures to such technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive materials (TENORM) by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and other regulatory and advisory organizations is the subject of this study by the National Research Council's Committee on the Evaluation of EPA Guidelines for Exposures to Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials.
Author : United States. Public Health Service. Division of Radiological Health
Publisher :
Page : 110 pages
File Size : 27,43 MB
Release : 1965
Category : Freshwater ecology
ISBN :
Author : United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Radiation Programs
Publisher :
Page : 508 pages
File Size : 17,6 MB
Release : 1979
Category : Radioactive pollution
ISBN :
Author :
Publisher :
Page : 107 pages
File Size : 47,64 MB
Release : 2000
Category :
ISBN :
This assessment is directed toward radionuclides, such as uranium & thorium and their decay products, and the effect of their release into the environment on non-human biota. The report summarizes the information critical to the assessment of these radionuclides as toxic (both chemical & radiological), including their identity, properties, production, and uses; entry into the environment; fate and concentrations; toxicokinetics; exposure characterization & risk analysis; and effects on experimental animals and in vitro; and ecotoxicology. The report also includes an assessment under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act of these radionuclides regarding their toxicity in the environment and their effects on biological diversity.
