Homogenization Methods for Multiscale Mechanics


Book Description

In many physical problems several scales present either in space or in time, caused by either inhomogeneity of the medium or complexity of the mechanical process. A fundamental approach is to first construct micro-scale models, and then deduce the macro-scale laws and the constitutive relations by properly averaging over the micro-scale. The perturbation method of multiple scales can be used to derive averaged equations for a much larger scale from considerations of the small scales. In the mechanics of multiscale media, the analytical scheme of upscaling is known as the Theory of Homogenization The authors share the view that the general methods of homogenization should be more widely understood and practiced by applied scientists and engineers. Hence this book is aimed at providing a less abstract treatment of the theory of homogenization for treating inhomogeneous media, and at illustrating its broad range of applications. Each chapter deals with a different class of physical problems. To tackle a new problem, the novel approach of first discussing the physically relevant scales, then identifying the small parameters and their roles in the normalized governing equations is adopted. The details of asymptotic analysis are only explained afterwards.




Multiscale Methods


Book Description

This introduction to multiscale methods gives you a broad overview of the methods’ many uses and applications. The book begins by setting the theoretical foundations of the methods and then moves on to develop models and prove theorems. Extensive use of examples shows how to apply multiscale methods to solving a variety of problems. Exercises then enable you to build your own skills and put them into practice. Extensions and generalizations of the results presented in the book, as well as references to the literature, are provided in the Discussion and Bibliography section at the end of each chapter.With the exception of Chapter One, all chapters are supplemented with exercises.




Multiscale Biomechanics


Book Description

Multiscale Biomechanics provides new insights on multiscale static and dynamic behavior of both soft and hard biological tissues, including bone, the intervertebral disk, biological membranes and tendons. The physiological aspects of bones and biological membranes are introduced, along with micromechanical models used to compute mechanical response. A modern account of continuum mechanics of growth and remodeling, generalized continuum models to capture internal lengths scales, and dedicated homogenization methods are provided to help the reader with the necessary theoretical foundations. Topics discussed include multiscale methods for fibrous media based on discrete homogenization, generalized continua constitutive models for bone, and a presentation of recent theoretical and numerical advances. In addition, a refresher on continuum mechanics and more advanced background related to differential geometry, configurational mechanics, mechanics of growth, thermodynamics of open systems and homogenization methods is given in separate chapters. Numerical aspects are treated in detail, and simulations are presented to illustrate models. This book is intended for graduate students and researchers in biomechanics interested in the latest research developments, as well as those who wish to gain insight into the field of biomechanics. - Provides a clear exposition of multiscale methods for fibrous media based on discrete homogenization and the consideration of generalized continua constitutive models for bone - Presents recent theoretical and numerical advances for bone remodeling and growth - Includes the necessary theoretical background that is exposed in a clear and self-contained manner - Covers continuum mechanics and more advanced background related to differential geometry, configurational mechanics, mechanics of growth, thermodynamics of open systems and homogenization methods




Multiscale Methods in Computational Mechanics


Book Description

This work gives a modern, up-to-date account of recent developments in computational multiscale mechanics. Both upscaling and concurrent computing methodologies will be addressed for a range of application areas in computational solid and fluid mechanics: Scale transitions in materials, turbulence in fluid-structure interaction problems, multiscale/multilevel optimization, multiscale poromechanics. A Dutch-German research group that consists of qualified and well-known researchers in the field has worked for six years on the topic of computational multiscale mechanics. This text provides a unique opportunity to consolidate and disseminate the knowledge gained in this project. The addition of chapters written by experts outside this working group provides a broad and multifaceted view of this rapidly evolving field.




Multiscale Modeling Approaches for Composites


Book Description

Multiscale Modeling Approaches for Composites outlines the fundamentals of common multiscale modeling techniques and provides detailed guidance for putting them into practice. Various homogenization methods are presented in a simple, didactic manner, with an array of numerical examples. The book starts by covering the theoretical underpinnings of tensors and continuum mechanics concepts, then passes to actual micromechanic techniques for composite media and laminate plates. In the last chapters the book covers advanced topics in homogenization, including Green's tensor, Hashin-Shtrikman bounds, and special types of problems. All chapters feature comprehensive analytical and numerical examples (Python and ABAQUS scripts) to better illustrate the theory. - Bridges theory and practice, providing step-by-step instructions for implementing multiscale modeling approaches for composites and the theoretical concepts behind them - Covers boundary conditions, data-exchange between scales, the Hill-Mandel principle, average stress and strain theorems, and more - Discusses how to obtain composite properties using different boundary conditions - Includes access to a companion site, featuring the numerical examples, Python and ABACUS codes discussed in the book




Encyclopedia of Computational Mechanics


Book Description

The Encyclopedia of Computational Mechanics provides a comprehensive collection of knowledge about the theory and practice of computational mechanics.




Multiscale Modelling of Plasticity and Fracture by Means of Dislocation Mechanics


Book Description

The latest state of simulation techniques to model plasticity and fracture in crystalline materials on the nano- and microscale is presented. Discrete dislocation mechanics and the neighbouring fields molecular dynamics and crystal plasticity are central parts. The physical phenomena, the theoretical basics, their mathematical description and the simulation techniques are introduced and important problems from the formation of dislocation structures to fatigue and fracture from the nano- to microscale as well as it’s impact on the macro behaviour are considered.




Computational Homogenization of Heterogeneous Materials with Finite Elements


Book Description

This monograph provides a concise overview of the main theoretical and numerical tools to solve homogenization problems in solids with finite elements. Starting from simple cases (linear thermal case) the problems are progressively complexified to finish with nonlinear problems. The book is not an overview of current research in that field, but a course book, and summarizes established knowledge in this area such that students or researchers who would like to start working on this subject will acquire the basics without any preliminary knowledge about homogenization. More specifically, the book is written with the objective of practical implementation of the methodologies in simple programs such as Matlab. The presentation is kept at a level where no deep mathematics are required.​




Dynamics, Strength of Materials and Durability in Multiscale Mechanics


Book Description

This book reviews the mathematical modeling and experimental study of systems involving two or more different length scales. The effects of phenomena occurring at the lower length scales on the behavior at higher scales are of intrinsic scientific interest, but can also be very effectively used to determine the behavior at higher length scales or at the macro-level. Efforts to exploit this micro- and macro-coupling are, naturally, being pursued with regard to every aspect of mechanical phenomena. This book focuses on the changes imposed on the dynamics, strength of materials and durability of mechanical systems by related multiscale phenomena. In particular, it addresses: 1: the impacts of effective dissipation due to kinetic energy trapped at lower scales 2: wave propagation in generalized continua 3: nonlinear phenomena in metamaterials 4: the formalization of more general models to describe the exotic behavior of meta-materials 5: the design and study of microstructures aimed at increasing the toughness and durability of novel materials




Multiscale Methods


Book Description

Small scale features and processes occurring at nanometer and femtosecond scales have a profound impact on what happens at a larger scale and over an extensive period of time. The primary objective of this volume is to reflect the state-of-the-art in multiscale mathematics, modeling, and simulations and to address the following barriers: What is the information that needs to be transferred from one model or scale to another and what physical principles must be satisfied during thetransfer of information? What are the optimal ways to achieve such transfer of information? How can variability of physical parameters at multiple scales be quantified and how can it be accounted for to ensure design robustness?The multiscale approaches in space and time presented in this volume are grouped into two main categories: information-passing and concurrent. In the concurrent approaches various scales are simultaneously resolved, whereas in the information-passing methods the fine scale is modeled and its gross response is infused into the continuum scale. The issue of reliability of multiscale modeling and simulation tools which focus on a hierarchy of multiscale models and an a posteriori model of errorestimation including uncertainty quantification, is discussed in several chapters. Component software that can be effectively combined to address a wide range of multiscale simulations is also described. Applications range from advanced materials to nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS), biologicalsystems, and nanoporous catalysts where physical phenomena operates across 12 orders of magnitude in time scales and 10 orders of magnitude in spatial scales.This volume is a valuable reference book for scientists, engineers and graduate students practicing in traditional engineering and science disciplines as well as in emerging fields of nanotechnology, biotechnology, microelectronics and energy.