How Europe Can Save the Iran Nuclear Deal


Book Description

It is not too early for Europe to devise a plan that would seek to protect the JCPOA from both a U.S. withdrawal and continued uncertainty. This aim could be achieved through a package of incentives aimed at persuading the Iranian leadership that the benefits of remaining compliant with the JCPOA outweigh the potential costs of non-compliance and retaliation. If the E3 preserve their current unified position and, if need be, chart a path independent of the U.S. to salvage the nuclear deal, they potentially could help avert the reignition of the nuclear crisis in a Middle East in turmoil. This course also would leave the door open for a future U.S. return to the JCPOA.







Europe and Iran


Book Description

The EU’s approach to Iran has emerged as one of the few successes of European foreign policy. Still, its role in international negotiations from 2003, as much as its broader approach to Iran, are generally poorly appreciated by policy-makers in Europe, the United States, and around the world. This book aims to explain the specifics of the EU’s approach to Iran, taking into account both the complexity of European foreign policy, in particular within transatlantic relations, and Iran’s (aspired) place in the international order. It informs the reader about the special negotiation format that included a number of world powers as well as multilateral bodies such as the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the UN Security Council. Furthermore, it provides an outlook on European post-nuclear deal strategies and offers conclusions on the effectiveness of Europe’s multilateral approach to foreign policy. By looking at the EU’s diplomatic activities towards Iran over more than a decade, the book focuses on Europe’s actorness in international politics. This text will be of key interest to scholars, students and practitioners involved or interested in the European Union, Iran, U.S. foreign policy as well as Foreign and Security policy, including sanctions policy, and more broadly to European Politics, Middle East studies and international relations.




Europe and Iran’s Nuclear Crisis


Book Description

This book investigates the European involvement in managing the nuclear dispute with Iran, shedding new light on EU foreign policy-making. The author focuses on the peculiar format through which the EU managed Iran’s nuclear issue: a ‘lead group’ consisting of France, Germany and the UK and the High Representative for EU foreign policy (E3/EU). The experience of the E3/EU lends credibility to the claim that lead groups give EU foreign policy direction and substance. The E3/EU set up a negotiating framework that worked as a de-escalating tool, a catalyst for Security Council unity and a forum for crisis management. They inflicted pain on Iran by adopting a comprehensive sanctions regime, but did so only having secured US commitment to a diplomatic solution. Once the deal was reached, they defended it vigorously. The E3/EU may have been supporting actors, but their achievements were real.




Getting to a New Iran Deal


Book Description




EU Diplomacy and the Iran Nuclear Deal: Staying Power?


Book Description

The nuclear deal with Iran is often hailed as one of the few diplomatic successes of EU foreign policy. While the convening power of the European Union in 'the making of' phase of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) has indeed been critical and well documented, an independent assessment of the EU's facilitating and mediating role in the implementation of the nuclear agreement has so far been lacking. This paper seeks to plug that gap. It analyses the tasks entrusted to the EU as the coordinator of the Joint Commission, the executive body overseeing the implementation of the agreement, evaluates how the EU has performed its duties and assesses whether the economic benefits which the EU derives from the lifting of nuclear-related sanctions and the opening of the Iranian market risk undermining its role as an honest broker. This paper finds that, in the Joint Commission, the EU is accepted as a primus inter pares among the five permanent members of the Security Council, Germany and Iran. Its role is not just to convene and facilitate discussions about the implementation of the nuclear deal, but also to mediate disputes among any of the participants. So far, it has done so successfully. But two years since the signing of the nuclear deal, the real stress test is about to come. How the EU will cajole the administration of President Trump to keep the US wedded to the JCPOA will determine not just the future effectiveness of the nuclear deal, but also colour the legacy of the EU and its High Representative as a diplomatic actor on the global stage.




The System Worked


Book Description

International institutions, from the International Monetary Fund to the International Olympic Committee, are perceived as bastions of sclerotic mediocrity at best and outright corruption at worst, and this perception is generally not far off the mark. In the wake of the 2008 financial crash, Daniel W. Drezner, like so many others, looked at the smoking ruins of the global economy and wondered why global economic governance structure had failed so spectacularly, and what could be done to reform them in the future. But then a funny thing happened. As he surveyed their actions in the wake of the crash, he realized that the evidence pointed to the exact opposite conclusion: global economic governance had succeeded. In The System Worked, Drezner, a renowned political scientist and international relations expert, contends that despite the massive scale and reverberations of this latest crisis (larger, arguably, than those that precipitated the Great Depression), the global economy has bounced back remarkably well. Examining the major resuscitation efforts by the G-20 IMF, WTO, and other institutions, he shows that, thanks to the efforts of central bankers and other policymakers, the international response was sufficiently coordinated to prevent the crisis from becoming a full-fledged depression. Yet the narrative about the failure of multilateral economic institutions persists, both because the Great Recession affected powerful nations whose governments managed their own economies poorly, and because the most influential policy analysts who write the books and articles on the crisis hail from those nations. Nevertheless, Drezner argues, while it's true that the global economy is still fragile, these institutions survived the "stress test" of the financial crisis, and may have even become more resilient and valuable in the process. Bucking the conventional wisdom about the new "G-Zero World," Drezner rehabilitates the image of the much-maligned international institutions and demolishes some of the most dangerous myths about the financial crisis. The System Worked is a vital contribution to our understanding of an area where the stakes could not be higher.




EU-Iran Relations After the Nuclear Deal


Book Description

The signing of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action between Iran and global powers on 14 July 2015 was a major turning point in the emerging strategic landscape of the Middle East. The 'nuclear deal' led to the lifting by the EU and the US of nuclear-related sanctions and is now operational. Other sanctions remain in place, however. Nevertheless, unhindered by US competition, European trade delegations have entered into a latter-day gold rush, led by the promise of the biggest untapped market in the world. As such, the EU has both an opportunity and a responsibility to help Iran reintegrate properly into the international system. But in the face of an opaque clerical regime that relies on internal repression and military business conglomerates, Europe stands to lose if it continues to pursue its uncalculated and uncoordinated approach towards the Islamic Republic. This report offers recommendations to guide the EU towards a comprehensive EU strategy for relations with Iran. It maintains that there is no other option but to keep universal values and the rule of law at the core of the emerging bilateral relationship. In fact, the protection of the economic rights of European traders and investors would allow the EU to push for wider reforms and the normalisation of relations.




Unthinkable


Book Description

Examines Iran's current nuclear potential while charting America's future course of action, recounting the prolonged clash between both nations to outline options for American policymakers.




The EU's Sanctions Regime Against Iran in the Aftermath of the JPA


Book Description

"Months after the E3+3 agreed an interim deal on Iran's nuclear programme, critics who warned that limited sanctions relief offered to Tehran would undermine the sanctions architecture have been proven wrong. Analysis by ECFR's Middle East and North Africa Visiting Fellow, Aniseh Bassiri Tabrizi, examines how all parties, including EU member states, have maintained pressure exerted on Iran through the sanctions regime. The Joint Plan of Action (JPA) has not caused the sanctions regime to unravel nor a European commercial rush back into the Iranian market. Although European companies are interested in the Iranian market, they still overwhelmingly fear the chilling effect of sanctions and have remained reluctant to do business with Tehran. In fact, Iran's economic recovery and integration into the global financial system has been less than envisaged, mostly due to the difficulties faced by the EU in practically implementing part of the limited relief granted in the interim deal. The ECFR policy brief highlights the difficulties faced by Europe in delivering the limited concessions granted to Iran under the interim nuclear deal. Tabrizi's paper warns that the challenges faced by Europe in delivering their obligations under the interim deal could ultimately undermine the future of the nuclear talks by: Reducing President Rouhani's domestic standing, his flexibility to negotiate and his ability to showcase the benefits of reaching a final deal Eroding Tehran's confidence in the E3+3's resolve to re-establish Iran's international financial links should a final agreement be reached Damaging the E3+3's diplomatic leverage over Iran. Rouhani is likely to face increasing domestic criticism for making too many concessions and will struggle to keep up Iran's side of the nuclear pact if the incentives obtained through the engagement with the six powers remain limited. The EU should therefore work to overcome the challenges faced in fully implementing its obligations under the JPA. Otherwise, it will be perceived by Tehran as being unable to deliver on sanction relief in light of a final deal, not unlike the United States. At a critical moment in the negotiations between the E3+3 and Iran, this could risk undermining the six powers' diplomatic leverage over Tehran"--Publisher's description.