Scientific Frontiers in Developmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment


Book Description

Scientific Frontiers in Developmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment reviews advances made during the last 10-15 years in fields such as developmental biology, molecular biology, and genetics. It describes a novel approach for how these advances might be used in combination with existing methodologies to further the understanding of mechanisms of developmental toxicity, to improve the assessment of chemicals for their ability to cause developmental toxicity, and to improve risk assessment for developmental defects. For example, based on the recent advances, even the smallest, simplest laboratory animals such as the fruit fly, roundworm, and zebrafish might be able to serve as developmental toxicological models for human biological systems. Use of such organisms might allow for rapid and inexpensive testing of large numbers of chemicals for their potential to cause developmental toxicity; presently, there are little or no developmental toxicity data available for the majority of natural and manufactured chemicals in use. This new approach to developmental toxicology and risk assessment will require simultaneous research on several fronts by experts from multiple scientific disciplines, including developmental toxicologists, developmental biologists, geneticists, epidemiologists, and biostatisticians.




Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology


Book Description

Completely revised and updated, Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology: A Practical Approach, Second Edition draws together valuable information typically scattered throughout the literature, plus some not previously published, into one complete resource. In addition to the traditional aspects of developmental toxicity testing, the book covers e




Handbook of Developmental Neurotoxicology


Book Description

Handbook of Developmental Neurotoxicology, Second Edition, provides a comprehensive view of the fundamental aspects of neurodevelopment, the pathways and agents that affect them, relevant clinical syndromes, and risk assessment procedures for developmental neurotoxicants. The editors and chapter authors are internationally recognized experts whose collaboration heralds a remarkable advance in the field, bridging developmental neuroscience with the principles of neurotoxicology. The book features eight new chapters with newly recruited authors, making it an essential text for students and professionals in toxicology, neurotoxicology, developmental biology, pharmacology, and neuroscience. - Presents a comprehensive, up-to-date resource on developmental neurotoxicology with updated chapters from the first edition - Contains new chapters that focus on subjects recent to the field - Includes well-illustrated material, with diagrams, charts, and tables - Contains compelling case studies and chapters written by world experts




Biologic Markers in Reproductive Toxicology


Book Description

Does exposure to environmental toxicants inhibit our ability to have healthy children who develop normally? Biologic markersâ€"indicators that can tell us when environmental factors have caused a change at the cellular or biochemical level that might affect reproductive abilityâ€"are a promising tool for research aimed at answering that important question. Biologic Markers in Reproductive Toxicology examines the potential of these markers in environmental health studies; clarifies definitions, underlying concepts, and possible applications; and shows the benefits to be gained from their use in reproductive and neurodevelopmental research.




Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology


Book Description

Reproductive toxicology is a complex subject dealing with three components—parent, placenta, and fetus—and the continuous changes that occur in each. Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology is a comprehensive and authoritative resource providing the latest literature enriched with relevant references describing every aspect of this area of science. It addresses a broad range of topics including nanoparticles and radiation, gases and solvents, smoking, alcohol and drugs of abuse, food additives, nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals, and metals, among others. With a special focus on placental toxicity, this book is the only available reference to connect the three key risk stages, and is the only resource to include reproductive and developmental toxicity in domestic animals, fish, and wildlife. - Provides a complete, integrated source of information on the key risk stages during reproduction and development - Includes coverage of emerging science such as stem cell application, toxicoproteomics, metabolomics, phthalates, infertility, teratogenicity, endocrine disruption, surveillance and regulatory considerations, and risk assessment - Offers diverse and unique in vitro and in vivo toxicity models for reproductive and developmental toxicity testing in a user-friendly format that assists in comparative analysis




iPSCs from Diverse Species


Book Description

The series Advances in Stem Cell Biology is a timely and expansive collection of comprehensive information and new discoveries in the field of stem cell biology. iPSCs from Diverse Species, Volume 2 addresses how induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be derived from different species. The volume teaches the reader about modern state-of-the-art methodologies to derive iPSCs from distinct species. This volume will cover how to derive iPSCs from species like nonhuman primates, horses, dogs, pigs, rats, rabbits, and others. It also discusses the importance of iPSCs in species conservation. Detailed description on methods used to obtain iPSCs from humans and other species expands the knowledge and understanding of stem cell biology and provides a potent tool to model diseases. The volume is written for researchers and scientists in stem cell biology, and regenerative medicine and is contributed by world-renowned authors in the field. - Provides overview of the fast-moving field of iPSC technology - Covers iPCSs from the following species: humans, monkeys, horses, dogs, pigs, rats, rabbits, and more - Consists of contributions from stem cell leaders around the world




Statistical Models in Toxicology


Book Description

Statistical Models in Toxicology presents an up-to-date and comprehensive account of mathematical statistics problems that occur in toxicology. This is as an exciting time in toxicology because of the attention given by statisticians to the problem of estimating the human health risk for environmental and occupational exposures. The development of modern statistical techniques with solid mathematical foundations in the 20th century and the advent of modern computers in the latter part of the century gave way to development of many statistical models and methods to describe toxicological processes and attempts to solve the associated problems. Not only have the models enjoyed a high level of elegance and sophistication mathematically, they are widely used by industry and government regulatory agencies. Features: Focuses on describing the statistical models in environmental toxicology that facilitate the assessment of risk mainly in humans. The properties and shortfalls of each model are discussed and its impact in the process of risk assessment is examined. Discusses models that assess the risk of mixtures of chemicals. Presents statistical models that are developed for risk estimation in different aspects of environmental toxicology including cancer and carcinogenic substances. Includes models for developmental and reproductive toxicity risk assessment, risk assessment in continuous outcomes and developmental neurotoxicity. Contains numerous examples and exercises. Statistical Models in Toxicology introduces a wide variety of statistical models that are currently utilized for dose-response modeling and risk analysis. These models are often developed based on design and regulatory guidelines of toxicological experiments. The book is suitable for practitioners or as use as a textbook for advanced undergraduate or graduate students of mathematics and statistics.




Handbook of Human Toxicology


Book Description

Covering some of the most important topics in modern toxicology, the Handbook of Human Toxicology is a unique and valuable addition to the current literature. It addresses issues, answers questions, and provides data related to. Within each of these five major sections are several carefully selected topics that reflect the current state of human to




A Comprehensive Guide to Toxicology in Nonclinical Drug Development


Book Description

A Comprehensive Guide to Toxicology in Nonclinical Drug Development, Second Edition, is a valuable reference designed to provide a complete understanding of all aspects of nonclinical toxicology in the development of small molecules and biologics. This updated edition has been reorganized and expanded to include important topics such as stem cells in nonclinical toxicology, inhalation and dermal toxicology, pitfalls in drug development, biomarkers in toxicology, and more. Thoroughly updated to reflect the latest scientific advances and with increased coverage of international regulatory guidelines, this second edition is an essential and practical resource for all toxicologists involved in nonclinical testing in industry, academic, and regulatory settings. - Provides unique content that is not always covered together in one comprehensive resource, including chapters on stem cells, abuse liability, biomarkers, inhalation toxicology, biostatistics, and more - Updated with the latest international guidelines for nonclinical toxicology in both small and large molecules - Incorporates practical examples in order to illustrate day-to-day activities and the expectations associated with working in nonclinical toxicology




Science and Judgment in Risk Assessment


Book Description

The public depends on competent risk assessment from the federal government and the scientific community to grapple with the threat of pollution. When risk reports turn out to be overblownâ€"or when risks are overlookedâ€"public skepticism abounds. This comprehensive and readable book explores how the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) can improve its risk assessment practices, with a focus on implementation of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. With a wealth of detailed information, pertinent examples, and revealing analysis, the volume explores the "default option" and other basic concepts. It offers two views of EPA operations: The first examines how EPA currently assesses exposure to hazardous air pollutants, evaluates the toxicity of a substance, and characterizes the risk to the public. The second, more holistic, view explores how EPA can improve in several critical areas of risk assessment by focusing on cross-cutting themes and incorporating more scientific judgment. This comprehensive volume will be important to the EPA and other agencies, risk managers, environmental advocates, scientists, faculty, students, and concerned individuals.