Hypersonic, Turbulent, Cold-wall, Skin-friction and Heat-transfer Measurements on an Axisymmetric Sharp Cone


Book Description

Turbulent skin-friction coefficients directly measured on an axisymmetric five-degree-half-angle sharp cone by two floating-element skin-friction balances at a free-stream Mach number of 7.9 are presented. Heat-transfer distributions are obtained simultaneously. These results yield directly the Reynolds analogy factor. Experimental data are used to evaluate four predictive methods. Except for the relatively low-Reynolds-number case, the directly measured sharp-cone Reynolds analogy factor is between 1.01 and 1.07, which is in good agreement with recent flat-plate measurements. Results indicate that the Stanton Number is essentially constant for one range and decreases by about 10 percent in another. (Modified author abstract).




Hypersonic, Turbulent, Cold-Wall, Skin-Friction and Heat-Transfer Measurements on an Axisymmetric Sharp Cone


Book Description

Turbulent skin-friction coefficients directly measured on an axisymmetric five-degree-half-angle sharp cone by two floating-element skin-friction balances at a free-stream Mach number of 7.9 are presented. Heat-transfer distributions are obtained simultaneously. These results yield directly the Reynolds analogy factor. Experimental data are used to evaluate four predictive methods. Except for the relatively low-Reynolds-number case, the directly measured sharp-cone Reynolds analogy factor is between 1.01 and 1.07, which is in good agreement with recent flat-plate measurements. Results indicate that the Stanton Number is essentially constant for one range and decreases by about 10 percent in another. (Modified author abstract).




Computation of the Skin-friction and Heat Transfer on a Sharp Cone in Axisymmetric Turbulent Hypersonic Flow


Book Description

A computer program has been written to determine the skin-friction coefficient and heat-transfer rate on a sharp cone in axisymmetric hypersonic flow with a turbulent boundary layer. The methods of Spalding and Chi, Sommer and Short, and Van Driest transformations between the incompressible and compressible planes. The Karman-Schoenherr flat plate equation is used to relate the incompressible skin friction to Reynolds number based on momentum thickness. A listing of the program is also included in the report. (Author).







Measurements of Hypersonic Turbulent Heat Transfer on a Highly Cooled Cone


Book Description

Turbulent boundary layer heat transfer rates were measured on a thin-walled slender cone at a free-stream Mach number of 5.0. Wall to stagnation temperature ratios from 0.15 to 0.40 were obtained by pre-cooling the model using liquid nitrogen. Tests at a wide range of Reynolds numbers were conducted by varying the tunnel supply pressure; thus providing data for both laminar and mixed laminar-turbulent types of boundary layers. The experimental results obtained were compared with existing theories which predict convective heat transfer coefficients. These comparisons indicate that the data corresponding to a 760R supply temperature verify the predictions of Winkler and Cha; however, data acquired at a supply temperature of 1160R substantiate the predictions of Spalding and Chi. (Author).







Hypersonic Rarefied Flow Over Sharp Slender Cones


Book Description

Drag, heat transfer, and number flux were measured on sharp cones in the near free, molecule flow regime, and the results were compared with available Monte Carlo calculations. In general, the calculations predicted the magnitude of the data; however, the heat transfer and drag increased with increasing Knudsen number at a faster rate than predicted. Also the drag coefficients measured for the slender cones at high Knudsen number were higher than predicted for free molecule flow. These disagreements between theory and experiment could possibly be attributed to the simplicity of the surface interaction laws assumed in the theory. Reynolds analogy factors obtained from the experimental measurements agreed with free-molecule values and also with that obtained by the Monte Carlo technique.