Development of Solar Cells


Book Description

This book presents a comprehensive overview of the fundamental concept, design, working protocols, and diverse photo-chemicals aspects of different solar cell systems with promising prospects, using computational and experimental techniques. It presents and demonstrates the art of designing and developing various solar cell systems through practical examples. Compared to most existing books in the market, which usually analyze existing solar cell approaches this volume provides a more comprehensive view on the field. Thus, it offers an in-depth discussion of the basic concepts of solar cell design and their development, leading to higher power conversion efficiencies. The book will appeal to readers who are interested in both fundamental and application-oriented research while it will also be an excellent tool for graduates, researchers, and professionals working in the field of photovoltaics and solar cell systems.




Statistical Computing with R


Book Description

Computational statistics and statistical computing are two areas that employ computational, graphical, and numerical approaches to solve statistical problems, making the versatile R language an ideal computing environment for these fields. One of the first books on these topics to feature R, Statistical Computing with R covers the traditiona




Handbook of Floating-Point Arithmetic


Book Description

Floating-point arithmetic is the most widely used way of implementing real-number arithmetic on modern computers. However, making such an arithmetic reliable and portable, yet fast, is a very difficult task. As a result, floating-point arithmetic is far from being exploited to its full potential. This handbook aims to provide a complete overview of modern floating-point arithmetic. So that the techniques presented can be put directly into practice in actual coding or design, they are illustrated, whenever possible, by a corresponding program. The handbook is designed for programmers of numerical applications, compiler designers, programmers of floating-point algorithms, designers of arithmetic operators, and more generally, students and researchers in numerical analysis who wish to better understand a tool used in their daily work and research.







Alasdair MacIntyre's Engagement with Marxism


Book Description

This selection of Alasdair MacIntyrea (TM)s early writings on Marxism and ethics aims both to fill a gap in the academic literature on MacIntyrea (TM)s ethical theory, and to offer a contribution to more recent debates on the ethics of revolution.




PASCAL-XSC


Book Description

This manual describes a PASCAL extension for scientific computation with the short title PASCAL-XSC (PASCAL eXtension for Scientific Computation). The language is the result of a long term effort of members of the Institute for Applied Mathematics of Karlsruhe University and several associated scientists. PASCAL XSC is intended to make the computer more powerful arithmetically than usual. It makes the computer look like a vector processor to the programmer by providing the vector/matrix operations in a natural form with array data types and the usual operator symbols. Programming of algorithms is thus brought considerably closer to the usual mathematical notation. As an additional feature in PASCAL-XSC, all predefined operators for real and complex numbers and intervals, vectors, matrices, and so on, deliver an answer that differs from the exact result by at most one rounding. Numerical mathematics has devised algorithms that deliver highly accurate and automatically verified results by applying mathematical fixed point theorems. That is, these computations carry their own accuracy control. However, their imple mentation requires arithmetic and programming tools that have not been available previously. The development of PASCAL-XSC has been aimed at providing these tools within the PASCAL setting. Work on the subject began during the 1960's with the development of a general theory of computer arithmetic. At first, new algorithms for the realization of the arithmetic operations had to be developed and implemented.




C-XSC


Book Description

C-XSC is a tool for the development of numerical algorithms delivering highly accurate and automatically verified results. It provides a large number of predefined numerical data types and operators. These types are implemented as C++ classes. Thus, C-XSC allows high-level programming of numerical applications in C and C++. The most important features of C-XSC are: real, complex, interval, and complex interval arithmetic; dynamic vectors and matrices; subarrays of vectors and matrices; dotprecision data types, predefined arithmetic operators with maximum accuracy; standard functions of high accuracy; multiple precision arithmetic and standard functions; rounding control for I/O data; error handling, and library of problem solving routines with automatic result verification. Thus, C-XSC makes the computer more powerful concerning the arithmetic. C-XSC is immediately usable by C programmers, easy to learn, user-extendable, and may also be combined with other tools. The book can be used as a textbook and as a reference manual. It consists of an introduction to advanced computer arithmetic, a chapter describing the programming languages C and C++, the major chapter "C-XSC Reference", sample programs, and indices.




Monitoring and Predicting Agricultural Drought


Book Description

Agricultural droughts affect whole societies, leading to higher food costs, threatened economies, and even famine. In order to mitigate such effects, researchers must first be able to monitor them, and then predict them; however no book currently focuses on accurate monitoring or prediction of these devastating kinds of droughts. To fill this void, the editors of Monitoring and Predicting Agricultural Drought have assembled a team of expert contributors from all continents to make a global study, describing biometeorological models and monitoring methods for agricultural droughts. These models and methods note the relationships between precipitation, soil moisture, and crop yields, using data gathered from conventional and remote sensing techniques. The coverage of the book includes probabilistic models and techniques used in America, Europe and the former USSR, Africa, Asia, and Australia, and it concludes with coverage of climate change and resultant shifts in agricultural productivity, drought early warning systems, and famine mitigation. This will be an essential collection for those who must advise governments or international organizations on the current scope, likelihood, and impact of agricultural droughts. Sponsored by the World Meterological Organization




The Mathematical-Function Computation Handbook


Book Description

This highly comprehensive handbook provides a substantial advance in the computation of elementary and special functions of mathematics, extending the function coverage of major programming languages well beyond their international standards, including full support for decimal floating-point arithmetic. Written with clarity and focusing on the C language, the work pays extensive attention to little-understood aspects of floating-point and integer arithmetic, and to software portability, as well as to important historical architectures. It extends support to a future 256-bit, floating-point format offering 70 decimal digits of precision. Select Topics and Features: references an exceptionally useful, author-maintained MathCW website, containing source code for the book’s software, compiled libraries for numerous systems, pre-built C compilers, and other related materials; offers a unique approach to covering mathematical-function computation using decimal arithmetic; provides extremely versatile appendices for interfaces to numerous other languages: Ada, C#, C++, Fortran, Java, and Pascal; presupposes only basic familiarity with computer programming in a common language, as well as early level algebra; supplies a library that readily adapts for existing scripting languages, with minimal effort; supports both binary and decimal arithmetic, in up to 10 different floating-point formats; covers a significant portion (with highly accurate implementations) of the U.S National Institute of Standards and Technology’s 10-year project to codify mathematical functions. This highly practical text/reference is an invaluable tool for advanced undergraduates, recording many lessons of the intermingled history of computer hardw are and software, numerical algorithms, and mathematics. In addition, professional numerical analysts and others will find the handbook of real interest and utility because it builds on research by the mathematical software community over the last four decades.




MMIXware


Book Description

MMIX is a RISC computer designed by Don Knuth to illustrate machine-level aspects of programming. In the author's book series "The Art of Computer Programming", MMIX replaces the 1960s-style machine MIX. A particular goal in the design of MMIX was to keep its machine language simple, elegant, and easy to learn. At the same time, all of the complexities needed to achieve high performance in practice are taken into account. This book constitutes a collection of programs written in CWEB that make MMIX a virtual reality. Among other utilities, an assembler converting MMIX symbolic files to MMIX objects and two simulators executing the programs in given object files are provided. The latest version of all programs can be downloaded from MMIX's home page. The book provides a complete documentation of the MMIX computer and its assembly language. It also presents mini-indexes, which make the programs much easier to understand. A corrected reprint of the book has been published in August 2014, replacing the version of 1999.