Infant and Child in the Culture of Today - The Guidance of Development in Home and Nursery School


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INFANT AND THE CULTURE OF TODAY The Guidance of Development in Home and Nursery School BY ARNOLD GESELL, CONTENTS Preface ix Introduction Plan and Purpose 1 PART ONE GROWTH AND CULTURE 1. The Family in a Democratic Culture 9 1. The Household as a Cultural Work Shop 2. The Functions of Infancy 2. How the Mind Grows 15 1. The Patterning of Behavior 2. The World of Things 3. Personality and Acculturation 28 1, Personality as a Dynamic Structure 2. The World of Persons 3. The Growth of Personality 4. Infants are Individuals 39 1. Matxiration and Acculturation 2. The Individuality of Twins 3. The Individuality of Growth Patterns 5. Self-Regulation and Cultural Guidance . 47 1. Individuals and Schedules 2. Self-Demand Schedules 3. Self-Regulation through Cultural Control 4. The Cultural Significance of Self-Regulation 6. The Cycle of Child Development 59 1. Stages and Ages 2. Progressions in Cultural Activities 3. The Cycle of the Behavior Day 4. The Use and Misuse of Age Norms PART TWO THE GROWING CHILD 7. Before the Baby is Born 73 1. The First Baby 2. A Second Baby 8. A Good Start 80 1. Breast Feeding and Self-Regulation 2. A Rooming-in Arrangement for the Baby 3. From Hospital to Home 4. Tlie Evolution of the Behavior Day v KANSAS CITY MO. PUBLIC LIBRARY h H -CONTENTS l, pphavior Profile 2. Behavior Day 10. Sixt ii X Veeks Old 100 1. Behavior Profile 2. Behavior Day 1 1 . Twenty-Eight Weeks Old 108 1. Behavior Profile 2. Behavior Day 12. Forty Weeks Old 110 1. Behavior Profile 2. Behavior Day 13. One Year Old 123 1. Behavior Profile 2. Behavior Day 14. Fifteen Months Old 131 1. Behavior Profile 2. Behavior Day 15. Eighteen Months Old H 1 1. Behavior Profile 2. Behavior Day 3. Cultural andCreative Activities 4. Nursery Behavior 5. Nursery Techniques 16. Two Years Old 159 1. Behavior Profile 2. Behavior Day 3. Cultural and Creative Activities 4, Nursery Behavior 5. Nursery Techniques 17. Two-and-a-Half Years Old 177 1. Behavior Profile 2. Behavior Day 3. Cultural and Creative Activities 4. Nursery Behavior j 5. Nursery Techniques 18. Three Years Old 202 1. Behavior Profile 2. Behavior Day 3. Cultural and Creative Activities 4, Nursery Behavior 5. Nursery Techniques 19. Four Years Old 224 1. Behavior Profile 2. Behavior Day 3, Cultural and Creative Activities 4. Nursery Behavior 5. Nursery Techniques 20. Five and the Years After Five 246 1. Five Year Oldncss 2. Childhood and Adolescence 21. The Nursery School as a Guidance Center 258 L Cultural Origins of the Nursery School 2. Should My Child Go to Nursery School 3. Individualized Attendance 4. Initial Adjustment of Child to Nursery School 5. Characteristics of a Skilled Guidance-Teacher 6. Guidance Adaptations to Indi vidual arid Group Differences 7. The Guidance Functions of a Nursery Unit CONTENTS PART THREE THE GUIDANCE OF GROWTH 22. A Developmental Philosophy 287 1. Absolute versus Relative Concepts 2. The Dynamics of the Growth Complex 3. Behavior Deviations 23. The Growth Complex 298 1. Sleep 2. Feeding 3. Bowel Control 4. Bladder Control 5. Personal and Sex Interests 6. Self-Activity, Sociality, Self-Containment 24. Child Development and the Culture oi Tomorrow 356 1...




Our Babies, Ourselves


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A thought-provoking combination of practical parenting information and scientific analysis, Our Babies, Ourselves is the first book to explore why we raise our children the way we do--and to suggest that we reconsider our culture's traditional views on parenting. New parents are faced with innumerable decisions to make regarding the best way to care for their baby, and, naturally, they often turn for guidance to friends and family members who have already raised children. But as scientists are discovering, much of the trusted advice that has been passed down through generations needs to be carefully reexamined. In this ground-breaking book, anthropologist Meredith Small reveals her remarkable findings in the new science of ethnopediatrics. Professor Small joins pediatricians, child-development researchers, and anthropologists across the country who are studying to what extent the way we parent our infants is based on biological needs and to what extent it is based on culture--and how sometimes what is culturally dictated may not be what's best for babies. Should an infant be encouraged to sleep alone? Is breast-feeding better than bottle-feeding, or is that just a myth of the nineties? How much time should pass before a mother picks up her crying infant? And how important is it really to a baby's development to talk and sing to him or her? These are but a few of the important questions Small addresses, and the answers not only are surprising, but may even change the way we raise our children.




The Anthropology of Childhood


Book Description

Enriched with anecdotes from ethnography and the daily media, this revised edition examines family structure, reproduction, profiles of children's caretakers, their treatment at different ages, their play, work, schooling, and transition to adulthood. The result is a nuanced and credible picture of childhood in different cultures, past and present.




Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8


Book Description

Children are already learning at birth, and they develop and learn at a rapid pace in their early years. This provides a critical foundation for lifelong progress, and the adults who provide for the care and the education of young children bear a great responsibility for their health, development, and learning. Despite the fact that they share the same objective - to nurture young children and secure their future success - the various practitioners who contribute to the care and the education of children from birth through age 8 are not acknowledged as a workforce unified by the common knowledge and competencies needed to do their jobs well. Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 explores the science of child development, particularly looking at implications for the professionals who work with children. This report examines the current capacities and practices of the workforce, the settings in which they work, the policies and infrastructure that set qualifications and provide professional learning, and the government agencies and other funders who support and oversee these systems. This book then makes recommendations to improve the quality of professional practice and the practice environment for care and education professionals. These detailed recommendations create a blueprint for action that builds on a unifying foundation of child development and early learning, shared knowledge and competencies for care and education professionals, and principles for effective professional learning. Young children thrive and learn best when they have secure, positive relationships with adults who are knowledgeable about how to support their development and learning and are responsive to their individual progress. Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 offers guidance on system changes to improve the quality of professional practice, specific actions to improve professional learning systems and workforce development, and research to continue to build the knowledge base in ways that will directly advance and inform future actions. The recommendations of this book provide an opportunity to improve the quality of the care and the education that children receive, and ultimately improve outcomes for children.




Social and Emotional Development in Infancy and Early Childhood


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Research is increasingly showing the effects of family, school, and culture on the social, emotional and personality development of children. Much of this research concentrates on grade school and above, but the most profound effects may occur much earlier, in the 0-3 age range. This volume consists of focused articles from the authoritative Encyclopedia of Infant and Early Childhood Development that specifically address this topic and collates research in this area in a way that isn't readily available in the existent literature, covering such areas as adoption, attachment, birth order, effects of day care, discipline and compliance, divorce, emotion regulation, family influences, preschool, routines, separation anxiety, shyness, socialization, effects of television, etc. This one volume reference provides an essential, affordable reference for researchers, graduate students and clinicians interested in social psychology and personality, as well as those involved with cultural psychology and developmental psychology. - Presents literature on influences of families, school, and culture in one source saving users time searching for relevant related topics in multiple places and literatures in order to fully understand any one area - Focused content on age 0-3- save time searching for and wading through lit on full age range for developmentally relevant info - Concise, understandable, and authoritative for immediate applicability in research




The Cute and the Cool


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The twentieth century was, by any reckoning, the age of the child in America. Today, we pay homage at the altar of childhood, heaping endless goods on the young, reveling in memories of a more innocent time, and finding solace in the softly backlit memories of our earliest years. We are, the proclamation goes, just big kids at heart. And, accordingly, we delight in prolonging and inflating the childhood experiences of our offspring. In images of the naughty but nice Buster Brown and the coquettish but sweet Shirley Temple, Americans at mid-century offered up a fantastic world of treats, toys, and stories, creating a new image of the child as "cute." Holidays such as Christmas and Halloween became blockbuster affairs, vehicles to fuel the bedazzled and wondrous innocence of the adorable child. All this, Gary Cross illustrates, reflected the preoccupations of a more gentle and affluent culture, but it also served to liberate adults from their rational and often tedious worlds of work and responsibility. But trouble soon entered paradise. The "cute" turned into "cool" as children, following their parental example, embraced the gift of fantasy and unrestrained desire to rebel against the saccharine excesses of wondrous innocence in deliberate pursuit of the anti-cute. Movies, comic books, and video games beckoned to children with the allures of an often violent, sexualized, and increasingly harsh worldview. Unwitting and resistant accomplices to this commercial transformation of childhood, adults sought-over and over again, in repeated and predictable cycles-to rein in these threats in a largely futile jeremiad to preserve the old order. Thus, the cute child-deliberately manufactured and cultivated--has ironically fostered a profoundly troubled ambivalence toward youth and child rearing today. Expertly weaving his way through the cultural artifacts, commercial currents, and parenting anxieties of the previous century, Gary Cross offers a vibrant and entirely fresh portrait of the forces that have defined American childhood.





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Children Today


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