Book Description

"Using a solar sail, the Solar Polar Imager mission would observe the Sun from a polar orbit to observe magnetic fields and convective flows in the polar regions as well as coronal mass ejections and the Sun's outer atmosphere in order to better understand the solar dynamo and solar activity. Titan Explorer mission includes an orbiter with remote sensing instruments and an airship platform to investigate the atmosphere, clouds, haze, and surface of Saturn's moon Titan. Neptune Orbiter with Probes mission would use aerocapture to explore Neptune's rings and magnetosphere, which serve as an analog for the primordial solar nebula and accretion disks around other stars, and its satellite Triton, which resembles small objects at the outer boundary of our solar system today. Neptune Orbiter, Probe, and Lander mission would use nuclear electric propulsion to investigate Neptune and orbit its satellite, Triton. Interstellar Probe would leave the heliosphere to explore interstellar space, learning about its composition and dynamics and its interaction with our solar system. Observing distant stars with ultra-high resolution, the Stellar Imager mission could reveal their magnetic activity and internal structure, helping us understand solar activity and magnetohydrodynamics throughout the Universe. By bringing our understanding of other galaxies nearly up to our understanding of our own, the Modern Universe Space Telescope could illuminate how the chemical elements are created and dispersed, how normal galaxies form and evolve, and how stars and planetary systems form. Generation-X mission could detect the first black holes formed when the Universe was only a few hundred million years old. Advanced Compton Telescope is a wide-field gamma-ray spectrometer designed to uncover how supernovae and other stellar explosions create the chemical elements through an all-sky survey of nuclear line emissions. Far-Infrared/Submillimeter Interferometer in Space would use a two-element array to study the formation of the earliest-born stars and galaxies in the Universe and to probe the structure of the disks of gas and dust collapsing today to form a new generation of stars and planets. Single Aperture Far Infrared Observatory would be a single-spacecraft large space telescope for observing the early chemical history of the Universe and the structure of young planetary systems, tracking the chemistry needed for life from interstellar clouds to young solar systems. A final chapter describes an analysis of directions for future technology development inspired by this portfolio of mission concepts."--Publisher description.