Inverting the Norm


Book Description

Trevor N. Wedman seeks to understand the key assumptions underlying modern legal theory. Going back to Hobbes, but also making use of the developments in the theory of action and language philosophy over the past century, he breaks down the static conception of the state into one dependent on the actions and reflections of individuals, i.e., its citizens. He develops a social ontological theory of the law, in which the law is not taken as a mere given, but as an institutional fact. He criticizes both the Kelsenian conception of the Basic Norm and the Hartian notion of the Rule of Recognition as failing to account for the agency of individuals. The author turns to the work of one of Kelsen's contemporaries, Felix Somlo, in order to develop an alternative conception of the law that operates not from the top down, but from the bottom up. In this way, the law itself comes into focus as that which results from the reasoned jurisprudential reflection on the reality of meanings and actions.




Inverting the Norm: Racially-Mixed Congregations in a Segregationist State


Book Description

Inverting the Norm describes how a few Christian congregations in apartheid South Africa achieved racial integration despite the state's legal enforcement of segregation. The book analyzes how this paradoxical racial integration, alongside state segregation, relates to historical shifts in global and national norms.




Discrete Signals and Inverse Problems


Book Description

Discrete Signals and Inverse Problems examines fundamental concepts necessary to engineers and scientists working with discrete signal processing and inverse problem solving, and places emphasis on the clear understanding of algorithms within the context of application needs. Based on the original ‘Introduction to Discrete Signals and Inverse Problems in Civil Engineering’, this expanded and enriched version: combines discrete signal processing and inverse problem solving in one book covers the most versatile tools that are needed to process engineering and scientific data presents step-by-step ‘implementation procedures’ for the most relevant algorithms provides instructive figures, solved examples and insightful exercises Discrete Signals and Inverse Problems is essential reading for experimental researchers and practicing engineers in civil, mechanical and electrical engineering, non-destructive testing and instrumentation. This book is also an excellent reference for advanced undergraduate students and graduate students in engineering and science.





Book Description




Unconscionable Crimes


Book Description

The first general theory of the influence of norms--moral, legal and social--on genocide and mass atrocity. How can we explain--and prevent--such large-scale atrocities as the Holocaust? In Unconscionable Crimes, Paul Morrow presents the first general theory of the influence of norms--moral, legal and social--on genocide and mass atrocity. After offering a clear overview of norms and norm transformation, rooted in recent work in moral and political philosophy, Morrow examines numerous twentieth-century cases of mass atrocity, drawing on documentary and testimonial sources to illustrate the influence of norms before, during, and after such crimes.




Geophysical Inversion


Book Description

This collection of papers on geophysical inversion contains research and survey articles on where the field has been and where it's going, and what is practical and what is not. Topics covered include seismic tomography, migration and inverse scattering.




Pedagogical Norms for Second and Foreign Language Learning and Teaching


Book Description

The concept of Pedagogical Norm is grounded in both sociolinguistic and psycholinguistic principles. Pedagogical norms guide the selection and sequencing of target language features for language teaching and learning. This book both situates and expands on this concept highlighting the interaction of research and pedagogy. The papers collectively illustrate how the concept of pedagogical norm applies to all components of language, including phonology, morphology, syntax, and discourse. The book begins with a discussion of definitions including papers that trace the history of the concept and define what is meant by norms. Also included are papers that apply the concept of pedagogical norms in specific contexts (e.g., intonation, morphology) and to specific languages. Finally, pedagogical norms are extended beyond the more traditional areas of grammatical competence to such disparate areas as listening, discourse, and circumlocution.




Nonlinear Least Squares for Inverse Problems


Book Description

The domain of inverse problems has experienced a rapid expansion, driven by the increase in computing power and the progress in numerical modeling. When I started working on this domain years ago, I became somehow fr- tratedtoseethatmyfriendsworkingonmodelingwhereproducingexistence, uniqueness, and stability results for the solution of their equations, but that I was most of the time limited, because of the nonlinearity of the problem, to provethatmyleastsquaresobjectivefunctionwasdi?erentiable....Butwith my experience growing, I became convinced that, after the inverse problem has been properly trimmed, the ?nal least squares problem, the one solved on the computer, should be Quadratically (Q)-wellposed,thatis,both we- posed and optimizable: optimizability ensures that a global minimizer of the least squares function can actually be found using e?cient local optimization algorithms, and wellposedness that this minimizer is stable with respect to perturbation of the data. But the vast majority of inverse problems are nonlinear, and the clas- cal mathematical tools available for their analysis fail to bring answers to these crucial questions: for example, compactness will ensure existence, but provides no uniqueness results, and brings no information on the presence or absenceofparasiticlocalminimaorstationarypoints....




Crossing the Stage


Book Description

Brings together for the first time essays which explore cross-dressing in theatre, cabaret, opera and dance. Essential reading for all those interested in performance and the representation of gender.




Inverted World


Book Description

Featured in Science Fiction: The Best 100 Novels Winner of the British Science Fiction Award Nominated for the Hugo Award The “devilishly entertaining” masterpiece of hard science fiction, set in a city moving through a strange, dystopian world—from the multi-award-winning author of The Prestige (Time Out New York) The city is winched along tracks through a devastated land full of hostile tribes. Rails must be freshly laid ahead of the city and carefully removed in its wake. Rivers and mountains present nearly insurmountable challenges to the ingenuity of the city’s engineers. But if the city does not move, it will fall farther and farther behind the “optimum” into the crushing gravitational field that has transformed life on Earth. The only alternative to progress is death. The secret directorate that governs the city makes sure that its inhabitants know nothing of this. Raised in common in crèches, nurtured on synthetic food, prevented above all from venturing outside the closed circuit of the city, they are carefully sheltered from the dire necessities that have come to define human existence. And yet the city is in crisis. The people are growing restive, the population is dwindling, and the rulers know that, for all their efforts, slowly but surely the city is slipping ever farther behind the optimum. Helward Mann is a member of the city’s elite. Better than anyone, he knows how tenuous is the city’s continued existence. But the world—he is about to discover—is infinitely stranger than the strange world he believes he knows so well.