Author : Manuela Sornig
Publisher : Cuvillier Verlag
Page : 152 pages
File Size : 48,48 MB
Release : 2009-02-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 3736928734
Author : Pia Krause
Publisher :
Page : pages
File Size : 27,9 MB
Release : 2021
Category :
ISBN : 9783843947053
Author : Tobias Stangier
Publisher :
Page : 203 pages
File Size : 44,62 MB
Release : 2014
Category :
ISBN : 9783843919333
Author : Vladimir A. Krasnopolsky
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 341 pages
File Size : 22,81 MB
Release : 2013-03-07
Category : Science
ISBN : 3642704018
Spacecraft study of the Solar system is one of humanity's most outstanding achievements. Thanks to this study, our present knowledge of properties of and conditions on the planets exceeds many-fold that of 20 years ago: planets have been rediscovered. This is especially the case for planetary atmospheres, whose properties were for the most part either not at all or only erroneously known. Much research has been invested in the study of the atmospheres of Mars and Venus, and their chemical composition and photochemistry are basic problems in these studies. In the present publication I have tried to summarize all findings in this field. The English version of the book includes new data in the field from the last 3 years since the book was published in Russian. I wish to thank U. von Zahn, who initiated my talks with Springer-Verlag and acted as technical editor. December 2, 1985 V. A. KRASNOPOLSKY Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 Chemical Composition and Structure of the Martian Atmosphere 4 1. 1 Carbon Dioxide and Atmospheric Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1. 2 CO and O Mixing Ratios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2 1. 3 Ozone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 1. 4 Water Vapor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 1. 5 Composition of the Upper Atmosphere as Determined from Airglow Spectroscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 1. 6 Mass Spectrometric Measurements of the Atmospheric Composition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 1. 7 Ionospheric Composition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 1. 8 Temperature Profile of the Lower Atmosphere. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 1. 9 Temperature of the Upper Atmosphere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 1. 10 Eddy Diffusion Coefficient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 2 Photochemistry of the Martian Atmosphere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Author : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Page : 106 pages
File Size : 26,77 MB
Release : 2018-07-18
Category :
ISBN : 9781723218682
This document is the final report of the MAUDEE (Mars Upper Atmosphere Dynamics, Energetics, and Evolution) consortium. It describes a low cost Discovery mission to investigate the upper atmosphere of Mars and to understand the manner in which Mars has evolved over geologic time. In keeping with the innovative philosophy permeating the Discovery Program and in order to minimize the burden of reading an extensive prose exposition, a new presentation format has been adopted. The format involves a series of view graphs with facing text. The view graphs form the basis of a complete oral presentation of the MAUDEE mission and the facing text provides more detailed, but still brief, explanatory descriptions. Readers can scan the view graphs and/or read the facing text at their discretion. The oral presentation of this study was given to code SL personnel at NASA Headquarters on February 23, 1994. MAUDEE is an essential component of the Mars Exploration Program. It provides the information required to understand the evolution of the planet via the escape of volatiles. It provides the key measurements needed to understand the upper atmosphere of the last of the three terrestrial planets to be so studied. It connects and supplements investigations based on other Mars missions: Mars Surveyor, Planet-B and Mars-96. The MAUDEE mission plan involves a combination of remote and in-situ sensors, housed in three instrument packages. The sensors make measurements of the atmospheric regions between 60-200 km. These instruments are based on extensive heritage from Earth explorers and Pioneer Venus. The mission scenario has several phases and employs aerobraking maneuvers to lower initial apoapsis, thereby reducing fuel requirements. The spacecraft has body-mounted solar cells, enabling deep diving into the Martian atmosphere. The orbital inclination allows for pole-to-pole latitudinal sweeps in an initial elliptical phase, followed by a circular phase affording detailed diurnal measur...
Author : Vladimir A. Krasnopolsky
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 575 pages
File Size : 22,65 MB
Release : 2019-02-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 110860076X
The chemical composition of any planetary atmosphere is of fundamental importance in determining its photochemistry and dynamics in addition to its thermal balance, climate, origin and evolution. Divided into two parts, this book begins with a set of introductory chapters, starting with a concise review of the Solar System and fundamental atmospheric physics. Chapters then describe the basic principles and methods of spectroscopy, the main tool for studying the chemical composition of planetary atmospheres, and of photochemical modeling and its use in the theoretical interpretation of observational data on chemical composition. The second part of the book provides a detailed review of the carbon dioxide atmospheres and ionospheres of Mars and Venus, and the nitrogen-methane atmospheres of Titan, Triton and Pluto. Written by an expert author, this comprehensive text will make a valuable reference for graduate students, researchers and professional scientists specializing in planetary atmospheres.
Author : C. Sagan
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 409 pages
File Size : 42,44 MB
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9401030634
Proceedings of the IAU Symposium No. 40, held in Marfa, Texas, U.S.A., October 26-31, 1969
Author : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Page : 104 pages
File Size : 18,73 MB
Release : 2018-07-23
Category :
ISBN : 9781723453878
Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite flight data from the first 737 days after launch (September 1991) was used to investigate spacecraft disturbances and responses. The investigation included two in-flight dynamics experiments (approximately three orbits each). Orbital and configuration influences on spacecraft dynamic response were also examined. Orbital influences were due to temperature variation from crossing the Earth's terminator and variation of the solar incident energy as the orbit precessed. During the terminator crossing, the rapid ambient temperature change caused the spacecraft's two flexible appendages to experience thermal elastic bending (thermal snap). The resulting response was dependent upon the orientation of the solar array and the solar incident energy. Orbital influences were also caused by on-board and environmental disturbances and spacecraft configuration changes resulting in dynamic responses which were repeated each orbit. Configuration influences were due to solar array rotation changing spacecraft modal properties. The investigation quantified the spacecraft dynamic response produced by the solar array and high gain antenna harmonic drive disturbances. The solar array's harmonic drive output resonated two solar array modes. Friction in the solar array gear drive provided sufficient energy dissipation which prevented the solar panels from resonating catastrophically; however, the solar array vibration amplitude was excessively large. The resulting vibration had a latitude-specific pattern. Woodard, Stanley E. Langley Research Center UPPER ATMOSPHERE RESEARCH SATELLITE (UARS); DYNAMIC RESPONSE; SPACECRAFT CONFIGURATIONS; SOLAR ARRAYS; VIBRATION EFFECTS; SPACECRAFT ORBITS; SOLAR ENERGY; ELASTIC BENDING; TEMPERATURE EFFECTS; ANTENNA COMPONENTS; FRICTION; ENERGY DISSIPATION; SATELLITE ATTITUDE CONTROL; ORBITAL MECHANICS; APPENDAGES; ROTATION; MECHANICAL DRIVES...
Author : National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa
Publisher : Independently Published
Page : 28 pages
File Size : 13,24 MB
Release : 2018-09-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781724010292
The Langley-D.U. collaboration on the analysis of high resolution infrared atmospheric spectra covered a number of important studies of trace gases identification and quantification from field spectra, and spectral line parameters analysis. The collaborative work included: Quantification and monitoring of trace gases from ground-based spectra available from various locations and seasons and from balloon flights. Studies toward identification and quantification of isotopic species, mostly oxygen and Sulfur isotopes. Search for new species on the available spectra. Update of spectroscopic line parameters, by combining laboratory and atmospheric spectra with theoretical spectroscopy methods. Study of trends of atmosphere trace constituents. Algorithms developments, retrievals intercomparisons and automatization of the analysis of NDSC spectra, for both column amounts and vertical profiles. Goldman, Aaron Langley Research Center
Author : American Meteorological Society
Publisher : M.E. Sharpe
Page : 632 pages
File Size : 34,4 MB
Release : 1969
Category : Science
ISBN :
