Book Description




L’avenir du travail en Afrique


Book Description

L‘avenir du travail en Afrique se penche sur deux questions fondamentales : comment créer des emplois productifs et comment subvenir aux besoins des laissés-pour-compte. Le rapport met en lumière comment l’adoption des technologies numériques, conjuguée à d’autres phénomènes mondiaux, transforme la nature du travail en Afrique subsaharienne et pose un défi en même temps qu’elle crée de nouvelles possibilités. Les auteurs montrent que les nouvelles technologies ne sont pas simplement synonymes de destruction d’emplois, comme on le craint généralement, mais qu’elles peuvent permettre aux pays africains de construire un monde du travail inclusif et offrir des opportunités aux travailleurs les moins qualifiés. Pour exploiter ces opportunités, cependant, il est indispensable de mettre en place des politiques publiques et de réaliser des investissements productifs dans quatre domaines principaux. Il faudra notamment promouvoir des technologies numériques inclusives, développer le capital humain d’une main-d’oeuvre jeune, globalement peu qualifiée et qui s’accroît rapidement, augmenter la productivité des entreprises et des travailleurs du secteur informel et élargir la couverture de la protection sociale pour atténuer les risques liés aux bouleversements du marché du travail. Le présent rapport, prolongement du Rapport sur le développement dans le monde 2019 de la Banque mondiale, aborde en conclusion d’importantes questions de politique publique qui viendront alimenter de futurs travaux de recherche permettant de guider les pays africains sur la voie d’une croissance plus inclusive.




Concilier Flexibilité Du Travail Et Cohésion Sociale


Book Description

This, the second volume on labour flexibility, deals with how it can be reconciled with social cohesion. Following the Council of Europe's Forum 2005: Reconciling labour flexibility with social cohesion, it aims to present ideas useful for political action for integration with the European social model. It is divided into three parts. The first looks at the framework of reconciliation and describes the complexity of uncertainty and changes in the structure of labour markets. The second part is entitled the space for reconciliation and covers mobility, social protection, the quality of transitions and the quality of family life. The final part covers the methodology of reconciliation, including the model proposed by the Council of Europe.




The Politics of Adoption


Book Description

An argument that French adoption policies reflect and enforce the state's notions of gender, parenthood, and citizenship. In May 2013, after months of controversy, France legalized same-sex marriage and adoption by homosexual couples. Obstacles to adoption and parenting equality remain, however—many of them in the form of cultural and political norms reflected and expressed in French adoption policies. In The Politics of Adoption, Bruno Perreau describes the evolution of these policies. In the past thirty years, Perreau explains, political and intellectual life in France have been dominated by debates over how to preserve “Frenchness,” and these debates have driven policy making. Adoption policies, he argues, link adoption to citizenship, reflecting and enforcing the postcolonial state's notions of parenthood, gender, and Frenchness. After reviewing the complex history of adoption, Perreau examines French political debates over adoption, noting, among other things, that intercountry adoptions stirred far less controversy than the difference between the sexes in an adopting couple. He also discusses judicial action on adoption; child welfare agencies as gatekeepers to parenthood (as defined by experts); the approval process from the viewpoints of social workers and applicants; and adoption's link to citizenship, and its use as a metaphor for belonging. Adopting a Foucaultian perspective, Perreau calls the biopolitics of adoption “pastoral”: it manages the individual for the good of the collective “flock”; it considers itself outside politics; and it considers not so much the real behavior of individuals as an allegorical representation of them. His argument sheds new light on American debates on bioethics, identity, and citizenship.




Proceedings of the 21st Congress of the International Ergonomics Association (IEA 2021)


Book Description

This book presents the proceedings of the 21st Congress of the International Ergonomics Association (IEA 2021), held online on June 13-18, 2021. By highlighting the latest theories and models, as well as cutting-edge technologies and applications, and by combining findings from a range of disciplines including engineering, design, robotics, healthcare, management, computer science, human biology and behavioral science, it provides researchers and practitioners alike with a comprehensive, timely guide on human factors and ergonomics. It also offers an excellent source of innovative ideas to stimulate future discussions and developments aimed at applying knowledge and techniques to optimize system performance, while at the same time promoting the health, safety and wellbeing of individuals. The proceedings include papers from researchers and practitioners, scientists and physicians, institutional leaders, managers and policy makers that contribute to constructing the Human Factors and Ergonomics approach across a variety of methodologies, domains and productive sectors. This volume includes papers addressing the following topics: Ergonomics in Design for All, Human Factors and Sustainable Development, Gender and Work, Slips Trips and Falls, Visual Ergonomics, Ergonomics for children and Educational Environments, Ageing and Work.




Concilier flexibilité du travail et cohésion sociale


Book Description

This volume on labour flexibility invites readers to question the effects of labour market institutional and organisational reforms on social cohesion. The Council of Europe suggests reconciling social cohesion with the inevitable changes wrought by globalisation, namely the reorganisation of the parameters governing competition. This reconciliation should take into account the essential political value of democratic security, to be found firstly in employment; the high social and societal cost of precariousness attests to this. However, security should not imply rigidity. It should rather translate into societal recognition of a "right to transition" which calls for co-responsibility on the part of all social actors and stakeholders. Reconciliation is more than a political duty, it is a prerequisite for the stability necessary for social sustainability. It should therefore raise awareness of the need to find new ways of fairly sharing the costs and benefits such transitions create. -- Council of Europe.




Globalisation, Global Justice and Social Work


Book Description

Globalization has become a seemingly unstoppable force over recent decades and, in its wake, global notions of social justice have developed in response to its negative aspects. Neo-liberal economic policies have been a key element in the wider process of globalization, and these policies have had a profound impact on welfare provision and the shape of social work practice. Arising dissatisfaction among users of welfare and social work services is fuelling the search for a new, more radical social work that is firmly rooted in principles of social justice. Globalisation, Global Justice and Social Work explores the global effects of neo-liberal policies on welfare services in different countries, with contributions from social work academics, practitioners and welfare activists around the world. The first section of the book presents case studies of impact of neo-liberalism on welfare systems, social service provision and the practice of social work. In the second section the chapters explore the relationship between social work practice and the struggle for social justice. Authors discuss the personal and political dilemmas they have had to address in seeking to link a personal commitment to social justice with their daily practice as workers and educators in social work. The final section assesses the prospects for social work practice based on notions of social justice, by looking at what can be learned from the experience of previous radical movements as well as from emergent global and local movements.




Disintegrating Empire


Book Description

Disintegrating Empire examines the entangled histories of three threads of decolonization: the French welfare state, family migration from Algeria, and the French social workers who mediated between the state and their Algerian clients. After World War II, social work teams, midlevel bureaucrats, and government ministries stitched specialized social services for Algerians into the structure of the midcentury welfare state. Once the Algerian Revolution began in 1954, many successive administrations and eventually two independent states—France and Algeria—continuously tailored welfare to support social aid services for Algerian families migrating across the Mediterranean. Disintegrating Empire reveals the belated collapse of specialized services more than a decade after Algerian independence. The welfare state’s story, Elise Franklin argues, was not one merely of rise and fall but of winnowing services to “deserving” clients. Defunding social services—long associated with the neoliberal turn in the 1980s and beyond—has a much longer history defined by exacting controls on colonial citizens and migrants of newly independent countries. Disintegrating Empire explores the dynamic, conflicting, and often messy nature of these relationships, which show how Algerian family migration prompted by decolonization ultimately exposed the limits of the French welfare state.




The history of youth work in Europe, Volume 5 - Autonomy through dependency


Book Description

The “History of youth work in Europe” series aims to achieve better understanding of current challenges in youth work and youth policy. Volume 5 addresses questions like: How have government policies and administrative practices over the past few decades affected youth work? What kind of strategies has youth work developed to react to them and to create a positive space for work with young people? Can educational approaches of youth work, like social pedagogy, help mediate between young people in their ever-changing lives and society? Co-operation between youth policy, youth research and youth work has been called “the Magic Triangle” – but is the magic still there? This publication discusses these and other topics from a variety of perspectives. The authors come not only from Europe, but also from the USA, Australia and South Africa, providing a refreshing, comparative reflection on youth work issues and opportunities, which is revealed to be global in nature. They also have diverse and varied backgrounds in youth research, youth work, youth policy making and youth worker training. This comparative historical perspective puts some of the pieces of the “youth work puzzle” together, while many are left unconnected. It also becomes apparent that there is an element of randomness in the historical development of youth work. Many structures, policies, approaches and methods are not “historically necessary”. Rather, many things could have come out differently. This volume on the history of youth work provides many readings: it provides a rich collection of national youth histories to complement and build upon the four earlier volumes, and histories and analyses of youth work for readers to compare with their own experience, sharpen their critical view and inspire their thinking.




Work, Employment and Transition


Book Description

This collection brings together a series of essays by leading international scholars highlighting the varied and complex forms which work and employment restructuring are taking in the post-Soviet world.