Liver Cancer Awareness Month 2023: Current Progress and Future Prospects on Advances in Primary Liver Cancer Investigation and Treatment


Book Description

October is the Liver Cancer Awareness Month and at Frontiers in Oncology we want to highlight the recent discoveries in the field and raise awareness of the importance of early diagnosis, multidisciplinary management, and technological innovation support. Primary liver cancer represents a significant global health challenge, with its incidence steadily rising and posing substantial morbidity and mortality rates. This research topic in Frontiers in Oncology focuses on the latest advancements in the investigation and treatment of primary liver cancer, addressing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma to provide insights into cutting-edge approaches to shaping the field and improving patient outcomes




Targeted Therapies in Oncology, Second Edition


Book Description

Since the last edition of this book, major advances have been made in our understanding of key pathways that control tumor progression. This has led to the development of new anticancer agents that have the ability to block the activity of proteins involved in neoplastic cell development and proliferation. Targeted Therapies in Oncology, Second Edition provides a concise timely panorama of existing targeted therapies and progress into future anticancer treatments. These therapies notably include: Targeted agents of immune checkpoints Signal-transduction inhibitors Antiangiogenic agents Vascular-disrupting agents Apoptosis modulators Stem cell inhibitors Tumor profiling for drug development The book emphasizes the biology behind this new class of drugs as well as the clinical achievements obtained. The contributors to this volume stand at the cutting edge of cancer research and treatment around the world.




Immunotherapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma


Book Description

In this book we provide insights into liver – cancer and immunology. Experts in the field provide an overview over fundamental immunological questions in liver cancer and tumorimmunology, which form the base for immune based approaches in HCC, which gain increasing interest in the community due to first promising results obtained in early clinical trials. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common cause of cancer related death in the United States. Treatment options are limited. Viral hepatitis is one of the major risk factors for HCC, which represents a typical “inflammation-induced” cancer. Immune-based treatment approaches have revolutionized oncology in recent years. Various treatment strategies have received FDA approval including dendritic cell vaccination, for prostate cancer as well as immune checkpoint inhibition targeting the CTLA4 or the PD1/PDL1 axis in melanoma, lung, and kidney cancer. Additionally, cell based therapies (adoptive T cell therapy, CAR T cells and TCR transduced T cells) have demonstrated significant efficacy in patients with B cell malignancies and melanoma. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in particular have generated enormous excitement across the entire field of oncology, providing a significant benefit to a minority of patients.




Biomarkers and Immunotherapy of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Cancers


Book Description

Hepatic-biliary-pancreatic cancers, mainly including hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, gallbladder cancer, are highly aggressive malignancies with few treatment options and poor prognoses. Effects of the traditional systemic treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, are quite limited to hepatic-biliary-pancreatic cancers. For the patients who suffer from hepatic-biliary-pancreatic cancer and lose the opportunity of radical surgery, few targeted drugs are available. Even for the drugs in clinical trial, potential drug targets and prognostic biomarkers for hepatic-biliary-pancreatic cancer are less studied compared to other common cancers such as lung cancer. Prognostic biomarker study is the initiation to explore new drug targets and revelation of the underlying mechanisms of tumor progression. Immunotherapy, especially PD1 or PD-L1 antagonists, has exhibited potent treatment effects on cancers. To date, many PD1 drugs are available for cancer treatment, and more than one hundred PD1 drugs are in clinical trial. However, how to screen out the sensitive patients and predict the efficacy of immunotherapy are still unsolved problems. Moreover, the predictive biomarkers and treatment guidelines of immunotherapy for hepatobiliary tumors are barely investigated.




Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases


Book Description

Colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed condition in oncology, affecting around 1.23 million individuals per year, according to recent statistics. Of these patients, about 50% will develop liver metastases and approximately 20% will present a stage IV disease at diagnosis. These statistics make colorectal liver metastases (CLM) an issue of major importance in current oncology. The area of CLM is subject to great and continuous advances, as its pathophysiologic mechanisms are better understood and more therapeutic and surgical options are developed. Consequently, all professionals involved with the diagnosis, treatment and follow up of CLM should be kept up to date with the latest advances on the field, to provide high standard medical care to their patients. This book is designed to present the state-of-the-art in CLM management and, in doing so, to review the current evidence on CLM, discussing all important topics in the field. Coverage is broad and comprehensive, encompassing introductory topics (history, definitions, epidemiology, etc.), basic science subjects (molecular biology, genetics, dissemination process, etc.) and practical clinical topics (tumor behavior, diagnosis, drug therapy, radiation therapy, surgery, ablation, multidisciplinary teams, etc.). Although comprehensive on the coverage and selection of topics, each chapter is concise and objective, dissecting topics in a practical and direct format. Evidences and recommendations are included. Chapters display a brief introduction of the common knowledge, go straight to the detailed revision of the most recent years of the literature, and end with practical closing observations. This book is a tool for professionals (general and cancer surgeons, HPB surgeons, clinical oncologists, gastroenterologists and medical residents) and interns who search for a qualified and reader friendly revision on topics concerning Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases.




Chronic Liver Failure


Book Description

Chronic liver failure is a frequent condition in clinical practice that encompasses all manifestations of patients with end-stage liver diseases. Chronic liver failure is a multiorgan syndrome that affects the liver, kidneys, brain, heart, lungs, adrenal glands, and vascular, coagulation, and immune systems. Chronic Liver Failure: Mechanisms and Management covers for the first time all aspects of chronic liver failure in a single book, from pathogenesis to current management. Each chapter is written by a worldwide known expert in their area and all provide the latest state-of-the-art knowledge. This volume is specifically designed to provide answers to clinical questions to all doctors dealing with patients with liver diseases, not only clinical gastroenterologists and hepatologists, but also to internists, nephrologists, intensive care physicians, and transplant surgeons.




Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy


Book Description

Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has emerged as an important innovative treatment for various primary and metastatic cancers. This book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date account of the physical/technological, biological, and clinical aspects of SBRT. It will serve as a detailed resource for this rapidly developing treatment modality. The organ sites covered include lung, liver, spine, pancreas, prostate, adrenal, head and neck, and female reproductive tract. Retrospective studies and prospective clinical trials on SBRT for various organ sites from around the world are examined, and toxicities and normal tissue constraints are discussed. This book features unique insights from world-renowned experts in SBRT from North America, Asia, and Europe. It will be necessary reading for radiation oncologists, radiation oncology residents and fellows, medical physicists, medical physics residents, medical oncologists, surgical oncologists, and cancer scientists.




Experimental Hepatocarcinogenesis


Book Description

The meeting on experimental hepatocarcinogenesis which took place in Spa, Belgium at the end of May 1987 was the Second European Meeting. About 100 scientists, mostly from Europe but also from the United States, met there for three days in a very friendly atmosphere to exchange knowledge and ideas on experimental and human liver carcinogenesis. The main topics discussed during the meeting included general reviews on hepatocarcinogenesis, experimental models of hepa tocarcinogenesis, biology of hepatocarcinogenesis, and in vitro studies in hepatocarcinogenesis. They are all covered by the various chapters of this proceedings volume, which reflects the present state of knowledge in this important field of cancer research. The final aim of that research is to understand the basic mechanisms of carcinogenesis. The liver offers a parti cularly interesting tool to reach such a goal. Indeed, its biochemistry, its morphology, and its physiology are very diverse, but relatively well known. Various protocols have been developed to produce hepatocellular carcinomas or other malignant tumors. Their appearance is most often preceded by phenotypically altered foci and nodules which have been isolated and characterized. The major cell populations of normal, neoplastic, and malignant livers have been cultivated.




Hepatocellular Carcinoma


Book Description

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the current limitations and unmet needs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. It also provides newly emerging concepts, approaches, and technologies to address challenges. Topics covered include changing landscape of HCC etiologies in association with health disparities, framework of clinical management algorithm, new and experimental modalities of HCC diagnosis and prognostication, multidisciplinary treatment options including rapidly evolving molecular targeted therapies and immune therapies, multi-omics molecular characterization, and clinically relevant experimental models. The book is intended to assist collaboration between the diverse disciplines and facilitate forward and reverse translation between basic and clinical research by providing a comprehensive overview of relevant areas, covering epidemiological trend and population-level patient management strategies, new diagnostic and prognostic tools, recent advances in the standard care and novel therapeutic approaches, and new concepts in pathogenesis and experimental approaches and tools, by experts and opinion leaders in their respective fields. By thoroughly and concisely covering whole aspects of HCC care, Hepatocellular Carcinoma serves as a valuable reference for multidisciplinary readers, and promotes the development of personalized precision care strategies that lead to substantial improvement of disease burden and patient prognosis in HCC.




How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease


Book Description

This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.