Low-Abundance Proteome Discovery


Book Description

Low-Abundance Proteome Discovery addresses the most critical challenge in biomarker discovery and progress: the identification of low-abundance proteins. The book describes an original strategy developed by the authors that permits the detection of protein species typically found in very low abundance and that may yield valuable clues to future discoveries. Known as combinatorial peptide ligand libraries, these new methodologies are one of the hottest topics related to the study of proteomics and have applications in medical diagnostics, food quality, and plant analysis. The book is written for university and industry scientists starting proteomic studies of complex matrices (e.g., biological fluids, biopsies, recalcitrant plant tissues, foodstuff, and beverage analysis), researchers doing wet chemistry, and graduate-level students in the areas of analytical and biochemistry, biology, and genetics. - Covers methodologies for enhancing the visibility of low-abundance proteins which, until now, has been the biggest challenge in biomarker progress - Includes detailed protocols that address real-life needs in laboratory practice - Addresses all applications, including human disease, food and beverage safety, and the discovery of new proteins/peptides of importance in nutraceutics - Compiles the research and analytic protocols of the two scientists who are credited with the discovery of these landmark methodologies, also known as combinatorial peptide ligand libraries, for the identification of low-abundance proteins




Proteomic and Metabolomic Approaches to Biomarker Discovery


Book Description

Proteomic and Metabolomic Approaches to Biomarker Discovery demonstrates how to leverage biomarkers to improve accuracy and reduce errors in research. Disease biomarker discovery is one of the most vibrant and important areas of research today, as the identification of reliable biomarkers has an enormous impact on disease diagnosis, selection of treatment regimens, and therapeutic monitoring. Various techniques are used in the biomarker discovery process, including techniques used in proteomics, the study of the proteins that make up an organism, and metabolomics, the study of chemical fingerprints created from cellular processes. Proteomic and Metabolomic Approaches to Biomarker Discovery is the only publication that covers techniques from both proteomics and metabolomics and includes all steps involved in biomarker discovery, from study design to study execution. The book describes methods, and presents a standard operating procedure for sample selection, preparation, and storage, as well as data analysis and modeling. This new standard effectively eliminates the differing methodologies used in studies and creates a unified approach. Readers will learn the advantages and disadvantages of the various techniques discussed, as well as potential difficulties inherent to all steps in the biomarker discovery process. A vital resource for biochemists, biologists, analytical chemists, bioanalytical chemists, clinical and medical technicians, researchers in pharmaceuticals, and graduate students, Proteomic and Metabolomic Approaches to Biomarker Discovery provides the information needed to reduce clinical error in the execution of research. - Describes the use of biomarkers to reduce clinical errors in research - Includes techniques from a range of biomarker discoveries - Covers all steps involved in biomarker discovery, from study design to study execution




Protein Purification


Book Description

This is a state-of-the-art sourcebook on modern high-resolution biochemical separation techniques for proteins. It contains all the basic theory and principles used in protein chromatography and electrophoresis.




Proteomics for Biological Discovery


Book Description

Written by recognized experts in the study of proteins, Proteomics for Biological Discovery begins by discussing the emergence of proteomics from genome sequencing projects and a summary of potential answers to be gained from proteome-level research. The tools of proteomics, from conventional to novel techniques, are then dealt with in terms of underlying concepts, limitations and future directions. An invaluable source of information, this title also provides a thorough overview of the current developments in post-translational modification studies, structural proteomics, biochemical proteomics, microfabrication, applied proteomics, and bioinformatics relevant to proteomics. Presents a comprehensive and coherent review of the major issues faced in terms of technology development, bioinformatics, strategic approaches, and applications Chapters offer a rigorous overview with summary of limitations, emerging approaches, questions, and realistic future industry and basic science applications Discusses higher level integrative aspects, including technical challenges and applications for drug discovery Accessible to the novice while providing experienced investigators essential information Proteomics for Biological Discovery is an essential resource for students, postdoctoral fellows, and researchers across all fields of biomedical research, including biochemistry, protein chemistry, molecular genetics, cell/developmental biology, and bioinformatics.




Principles and Applications of Clinical Mass Spectrometry


Book Description

Principles and Applications of Clinical Mass Spectrometry: Small Molecules, Peptides, and Pathogens is a concise resource for quick implementation of mass spectrometry methods in clinical laboratory work. Focusing on the practical use of these techniques, the first half of the book covers principles of chromatographic separations, principles and types of mass spectrometers, and sample preparation for analysis; the second half outlines the main applications of this technology within clinical laboratory settings, including determination of small molecules and peptides, as well as pathogen identification. A thorough yet succinct guide to using mass spectrometry technology in the clinical laboratory, Principles and Applications of Clinical Mass Spectrometry: Small Molecules, Peptides, and Pathogens is an essential resource for chemists, pharmaceutical and biotech researchers, certain government agencies, and standardization groups. - Provides concrete examples of the main applications of mass spectrometry technology - Describes current capabilities of the LC- and MS-based analytical methods - Details methods for successful analytical work in the field




Plant Biochemistry


Book Description

1 A Leaf Cell Consists of Several Metabolic Compartments 2 The Use of Energy from Sunlight by Photosynthesis is the Basis of Life on Earth 3 Photosynthesis is an Electron Transport Process 4 ATP is Generated by Photosynthesis 5 Mitochondria are the Power Station of the Cell 6 The Calvin Cycle Catalyzes Photosynthetic CO2 Assimilation 7 In the Photorespiratory Pathway Phosphoglycolate Formed by the Oxygenase Activity of RubisCo is Recycled 8 Photosynthesis Implies the Consumption of Water 9 Polysaccharides are Storage and Transport Forms of Carbohydrates Produced by Photosynthesis 10Nitrate Assimilation is Essential for the Synthesis of Organic Matter 11 Nitrogen Fixation Enables the Nitrogen in the Air to be Used for Plant Growth 12 Sulfate Assimilation Enables the Synthesis of Sulfur Containing Substances 13 Phloem Transport Distributes Photoassimilates to the Various Sites of Consumption and Storage 14 Products of Nitrate Assimilation are Deposited in Plants as Storage Proteins 15 Glycerolipids are Membrane Constituents and Function as Carbon Stores 16 Secondary Metabolites Fulfill Specific Ecological Functions in Plants 17 Large Diversity of Isoprenoids has Multiple Funtions in Plant Metabolism 18 Phenylpropanoids Comprise a Multitude of Plant Secondary Metabolites and Cell Wall Components 19 Multiple Signals Regulate the Growth and Development of Plant Organs and Enable Their Adaptation to Environmental Conditions 20 A Plant Cell has Three Different Genomes 21 Protein Biosynthesis Occurs at Different Sites of a Cell 22 Gene Technology Makes it Possible to Alter Plants to Meet Requirements of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Industry.




Quantitative Proteomics


Book Description

As a component of post-genome science, the field of proteomics has assumed great prominence in recent years. Whereas quantitative analyses focussed initially on relative quantification, a greater emphasis is now placed on absolute quantification and consideration of proteome dynamics. Coverage of the topic of quantitative proteomics requires consideration both of the analytical fundamentals of quantitative mass spectrometry and the specific demands of the problem being addressed. Quantitative Proteomics aims to outline the state of the art in mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics, describing recent advances and current limitations in the instrumentation used, together with the various methods employed for generating high quality data. Details on both strategies describing how stable isotope labelling can be applied and methods for performing quantitative analysis of proteins in a label-free manner are given. The utility of these strategies to understanding cellular protein dynamics are then exemplified with chapters looking at spatial proteomics, dynamics of protein function as determined by quantifying changes in protein post-translational modification and protein turnover. Finally, a key application of these techniques to biomarker discovery and validation is presented, together with the rapidly developing area of quantitative analysis of protein-based foodstuffs. This exemplary book is essential reading for analytical and biological mass spectrometrists working in proteomics research, as well as those undertaking either fundamental or clinical-based investigations with an interest in understanding protein dynamics and/or biomarker assessment.




General Methods in Biomarker Research and their Applications


Book Description

In the past decade there has been a major sea change in the way disease is diagnosed and investigated due to the advent of high throughput technologies, such as microarrays, lab on a chip, proteomics, genomics, lipomics, metabolomics etc. These advances have enabled the discovery of new and novel markers of disease relating to autoimmune disorders, cancers, endocrine diseases, genetic disorders, sensory damage, intestinal diseases etc. In many instances these developments have gone hand in hand with the discovery of biomarkers elucidated via traditional or conventional methods, such as histopathology or clinical biochemistry. Together with microprocessor-based data analysis, advanced statistics and bioinformatics these markers have been used to identify individuals with active disease or pathology as well as those who are refractory or have distinguishing pathologies. New analytical methods that have been used to identify markers of disease and is suggested that there may be as many as 40 different platforms. Unfortunately techniques and methods have not been readily transferable to other disease states and sometimes diagnosis still relies on single analytes rather than a cohort of markers. There is thus a demand for a comprehensive and focused evidenced-based text and scientific literature that addresses these issues. Hence the formulation of Biomarkers in Disease. The series covers a wide number of areas including for example, nutrition, cancer, endocrinology, cardiology, addictions, immunology, birth defects, genetics and so on. The chapters are written by national or international experts and specialists.




Biochemical Plant Pathology


Book Description




Proteomics for Biological Discovery


Book Description

An update to the popular guide to proteomics technology applications in biomedical research Building on the strength of the original edition, this book presents the state of the art in the field of proteomics and offers students and scientists new tools and techniques to advance their own research. Written by leading experts in the field, it provides readers with an understanding of new and emerging directions for proteomics research and applications. Proteomics for Biological Discovery begins by discussing the emergence of proteomics technologies and summarizing the potential insights to be gained from proteome-level research. The tools of proteomics, from conventional to novel techniques, are thoroughly covered, from underlying concepts to limitations and future directions. Later chapters provide an overview of the current developments in post-translational modification studies, structural proteomics, biochemical proteomics, applied proteomics, and bioinformatics relevant to proteomics. Chapters cover: Quantitative Proteomics for Differential Protein Expression Profiling; Protein Microarrays; Protein Biomarker Discovery; Biomarker Discovery using Mass Spectrometry Imaging; Protein-Protein Interactions; Mass Spectrometry Of Intact Protein Complexes; Crosslinking Applications in Structural Proteomics; Functional Proteomics; High Resolution Interrogation of Biological Systems via Mass Cytometry; Characterization of Drug-Protein Interactions by Chemoproteomics; Phosphorylation; Large-Scale Phosphoproteomics; and Probing Glycoforms of Individual Proteins Using Antibody-Lectin Sandwich Arrays. Presents a comprehensive and coherent review of the major issues in proteomic technology development, bioinformatics, strategic approaches, and applications Chapters offer a rigorous overview with summary of limitations, emerging approaches, questions, and realistic future industry and basic science applications Features new coverage of mass spectrometry for high throughput proteomic measurements, and novel quantitation strategies such as spectral counting and stable isotope labeling Discusses higher level integrative aspects, including technical challenges and applications for drug discovery Offers new chapters on biomarker discovery, global phosphorylation analysis, proteomic profiling using antibodies, and single cell mass spectrometry Proteomics for Biological Discovery is an excellent advanced resource for graduate students, postdoctoral fellows, and scientists across all the major fields of biomedical science.