Catholics and Communists in Twentieth-Century Italy


Book Description

Catholics and Communists in Twentieth-Century Italy explores the critical moments in the relationship between the Catholic world and the Italian left, providing unmatched insight into one of the most significant dynamics in political and religious history in Italy in the last hundred years. The book covers the Catholic Communist movement in Rome (1937-45), the experience of the Resistenza, the governmental collaboration between the Catholic Party (DC) and the Italian Communist Party (PCI) until 1947, and the dialogue between some of the key figures in both spheres in the tensest years of the Cold War. Daniela Saresella even goes on to consider the legacy that these interactions have left in Italy in the 21st century. This pioneering study is the first on the subject in the English language and is of vital significance to historians of modern Italy and the Church alike.




Pasolini


Book Description

Poet, novelist, dramatist, polemicist, and filmmaker Pier Paolo Pasolini continues to be one of the most influential intellectuals of post-war Italy. In Pasolini: The Sacred Flesh, Stefania Benini examines his corporeal vision of the sacred, focusing on his immanent interpretation of the Christian doctrine of the Incarnation and the “sacred flesh” of Christ in both Passion and Death as the subproletarian flesh of the outcast at the margins of capitalism. By investigating the many crucifixions within Pasolini’s poems, novels, films, cinematic scripts and treatments, as well as his subversive hagiographies of criminal or crazed saints, Benini illuminates the radical politics embedded within Pasolini’s adoption of Christian themes. Drawing on the work of theorists such as Ernesto De Martino, Mircea Eliade, Jean-Luc Nancy, Alain Badiou, Giorgio Agamben, and Slavoj Žižek, she shows how Pasolini’s meditation on the disappearance of the sacred in our times and its return as a haunting revenant, a threatening disruption of capitalist society, foreshadows current debates on the status of the sacred in our postmodern world.




The Scandal of Self-contradiction


Book Description

Pier Paolo Pasolini (1922-1975) was both a writer and filmmaker deeply rooted in European culture, as well as an intellectual who moved between different traditions, identities and positions. Early on he looked to Africa and Asia for possible alternatives to the hegemony of Western Neocapitalism and Consumerism, and in his hands the Greek and Judeo-Christian Classics morphed into unsettling multistable figures constantly shifting between West and East, North and South, the present and the past, rationality and myth, identity and otherness. The contributions in this volume, which belong to different intellectual and disciplinary fields, are bound together by a fascination for Pasolini's ability to recognize contradictions, to intensify and multiply them, as well as to make them aesthetically and politically productive. What emerges is a "euro-eccentric" and multifaceted Pasolini of great interest for the present.




St. Paul


Book Description

Presented here for the first time in English is a remarkable screenplay about the apostle Paul by Pier Paolo Pasolini, legendary filmmaker, novelist, poet, and radical intellectual activist. Written between the appearance of his renowned film Teorema and the shocking, controversial Salò, or the 120 Days of Sodom, St Paul was deemed too risky for investors. At once a political intervention and cinematic breakthrough, the script forces a revolutionary transformation on the contemporary legacy of Paul. In Pasolini’s kaleidoscope, we encounter fascistic movements, resistance fighters, and faltering revolutions, each of which reflects on aspects of the Pauline teachings. From Jerusalem to Wall Street and Greenwich Village, from the rise of SS troops to the death of Martin Luther King, Jr, here—as Alain Badiou writes in the foreword—‘Paul’s text crosses all these circumstances intact, as if it had foreseen them all’. This is a key addition to the growing debate around St Paul and to the proliferation of literature centred on the current turn to religion in philosophy and critical theory, which embraces contemporary figures such as Alain Badiou, Slavoj Žižek and Giorgio Agamben.




A Certain Realism


Book Description

"Superb. . . . In its careful handling of the biographical and the autobiographical, the factual and the speculative, this book will become a model for how studies of individual directors should be done in the future."—Peter Brunette, author of Roberto Rossellini




The Passion of Pier Paolo Pasolini


Book Description

. . . a keen and brilliant critical account of Pasolini's films and writings . . . --Italica Rohdie's personal, idiosyncratic critical style is backed up by serious scholarly research, as the rich bibliography attests. This is one of the most original recent additions to the ever-growing literature on Pasolini. --Choice . . . refreshingly personal and full of unpredictable tangents. --Film Quarterly Sam Rohdie has written a personal, wonderfully lucid account of Pier Paolo Pasolini's cinema and literature.




Italian Intellectuals and International Politics, 1945–1992


Book Description

Italian intellectuals played an important role in the shaping of international politics during the Cold War. The visions of the world that they promulgated, their influence on public opinion and their ability to shape collective speech, whether in agreement with or in opposition to those in power, have been underestimated and understudied. This volume marks one of the first serious attempts to assess how Italian intellectuals understood and influenced Italy’s place in the post–World War II world. The protagonists represent the three key post-war political cultures: Catholic, Marxist and Liberal Democratic. Together, these essays uncover the role of such intellectuals in institutional networks, their impact on the national and transnational circulation of ideas and the relationships they established with a variety of international associations and movements.




Papes et Papauté


Book Description

Si l'on se penche sur les phénomènes de contestation de l'autorité politique par la littérature ou les arts qui constitue un axe de recherche majeur du Laboratoire aux travaux duquel contribue ce volume, il appert que, dans bien des pays d'Europe, l'autorité politique s'est identifiée avec celle du Monarque, alors qu'en Italie, cas exceptionnel – et pour cause, puisque le siège de la papauté y est implanté depuis deux millénaires sans autre interruption que le demi-siècle avignonnais –, c'est la papauté qui s'est constituée en pouvoir politique, se revendiquant d'une double autorité, spirituelle et morale, et s'incarnant en un véritable organisme étatique. Le pape et la papauté représentent à leur tour deux "incarnations" de l'autorité : l'une institutionnelle (le gouvernement ecclésiastique), l'autre individuelle (le souverain pontife comme successeur de Pierre investi d'une mission de divine inspiration et exerçant à ce titre une autorité suprême). C'est en tout cas une spécificité italienne que d'être, par tant, un pays à la fois laïc et non-laïc, dans lequel la figure du Pape remplace celle du Roi, suscitant, depuis son affirmation comme telle, polémiques et défenses de l'Institution ecclésiale autant que de papes en particuliers. De fait, l'affirmation de la primauté spirituelle et temporelle du pape sur le monde médiéval chrétien présente, in nuce, les failles juridiques et morales qui légitiment l'expression immédiate d'opposants à cette hégémonie, aussi les vingt études regroupées dans ce volume illustrent-elles à la fois l'ancrage et la permanence d'une tradition historique, artistique, littéraire… la remise en cause en quelque sorte "chronique" du pouvoir du pape et de l'Église du XIe siècle à nos jours. Chacune d'elles montre par ailleurs, en creux ou explicitement, selon les cas, l'idéal d'une Église, d'une papauté et de papes, que leurs partisans comme leurs opposants eussent voulus au-dessus des intérêts matériels et des stratégies de pouvoir, tous se présentant en mal d'une autorité morale incontestable et littéralement incomparable (celle des "Princes" telle qu'elle ressort de ces travaux n'échappant pas non plus à une sévère critique). Dans le balayage temporel et thématique qu'elles effectuent, ces études, du même coup, rendent compte du paradoxe proprement italien d'une tension ancestrale et originale entre la religion de la politique et la politique de la religion.




The Political Economy of Cooperatives and Socialism


Book Description

This book argues that capitalism cannot be said to be truly democratic and that a system of producer cooperatives, or democratically managed enterprises, is needed to give rise to a new mode of production which is genuinely socialist and fully consistent with the ultimate rationale underlying Marx’s theoretical approach. The proposition that firms should be run by the workers on their own, was endorsed by John Dewey, the greatest social thinker of the twentieth century, but is also shared by Marxists such as Anton Pannekoek, Karl Korsch, Angelo Tasca, Antonio Gramsci and Richard Wolff. This book explores the history of this argument taking in concepts from economic and political thought including historical materialism, cooperation, utopianism and economic democracy. The book will be of significant interest to scholars and students of political economy, Marxism, socialism, history of economic thought and political theory.




Catholics and Political Violence in the Twentieth Century


Book Description

Catholics and Political Violence in the Twentieth Century presents a historical reconstruction of the ways in which Catholics have justified the recourse to political violence during the twentieth century, a period marked by major wars, nationalisms, decolonization, ideological clashes, and episodes of genocide. Legitimation processes are particularly complex when this violence is not endorsed by the state, and perhaps used against it. Depending on perspective, the protagonists of this radical form of collective action may be seen as ‘terrorists’ or ‘freedom fighters’. Written by a leading historian of contemporary Catholicism, this book examines a series of case studies from different parts of the world, selected because of the central role played by the Catholic religion. They range from Northern Ireland to the Basque Country, from the Philippines to Colombia, and from Mexico to Rwanda. It highlights how theological sources, paradigms of martyrdom, and symbols of the Christian tradition have provided a catalogue of reasons to give moral value to violence and promote it in the name of God. By looking at the history of Catholicism in global terms and adopting a transnational perspective, Catholics and Political Violence in the Twentieth Century sheds a critical light on the themes that are crucial to understanding the relationship between religion and violence. It will appeal to scholars and students working and studying in the fields of Modern and Contemporary History, Religious Studies, Terrorism Studies, Cultural and Global Studies, Intellectual History, and the History of Political Thought.