Measuring Oxidants and Oxidative Stress in Biological Systems


Book Description

This book describes the methods of analysis and determination of oxidants and oxidative stress in biological systems. Reviews and protocols on select methods of analysis of ROS, RNS, oxygen, redox status, and oxidative stress in biological systems are described in detail. It is an essential resource for both novices and experts in the field of oxidant and oxidative stress biology.




Brain Aging


Book Description

Recognition that aging is not the accumulation of disease, but rather comprises fundamental biological processes that are amenable to experimental study, is the basis for the recent growth of experimental biogerontology. As increasingly sophisticated studies provide greater understanding of what occurs in the aging brain and how these changes occur




Oxidative Stress and Biomaterials


Book Description

Oxidative Stress and Biomaterials provides readers with the latest information on biomaterials and the oxidative stress that can pose an especially troubling challenge to their biocompatibility, especially given the fact that, at the cellular level, the tissue environment is a harsh landscape of precipitating proteins, infiltrating leukocytes, released oxidants, and fluctuations of pH which, even with the slightest shift in stasis, can induce a perpetual state of chronic inflammation. No material is 100% non-inflammatory, non-toxic, non-teratogenic, non-carcinogenic, non-thrombogenic, and non-immunogenic in all biological settings and situations. In this embattled terrain, the most we can hope for from the biomaterials we design is a type of "meso-compatibility, a material which can remain functional and benign for as long as required without succumbing to this cellular onslaught and inducing a local inflammatory reaction. - Explores the challenges of designing and using biomaterials in order to minimize oxidative stress, reducing patterns of chronic inflammation and cell death - Brings together the two fields of biomaterials and the biology of oxidative stress - Provides approaches for the design of biomaterials with improved biocompatibility




Methods in Biological Oxidative Stress


Book Description

Oxidative damage appears to play a central role in the development of a wide range of tissue pathology, including neurodegenerative disease, drug side-effects, xenobiotic toxicity, carcinogenesis, and the aging process, to name just a few. Because of the centrality of oxidative processes to normal and abnormal tissue function, it has become imperative to develop appropriate analytical techniques to facilitate the quantitation of significant reactants. Without advances in methodology, corresponding advances in our knowledge of underlying biochemical events will be necessarily limited. Drs. Hensley and Floyd have done an outstanding job of assembling the work of world-class experts into Methods in Biological Oxidative Stress. The contributors have presented concise, yet thorough, descriptions of the state-of-the-art methods that any investigator working in the field needs to access. Mannfred A. Hollinger v Preface Free radicals and reactive oxidizing agents were once ignored as biochemical entities not worth close scrutiny, but are now recognized as causes or contributing factors in dozens, if not hundreds, of disease states. In addition, free radical metabolisms of xenobiotics have become increasingly important to pharmacologists. Accordingly, the need has arisen to accurately quantify reactive oxygen species and their byproducts. Methods in Biological Oxidative Stress is practical in scope, providing the details of up-to-date techniques for measuring oxidative stress and detecting oxidizing agents both in vitro and in vivo. The contributors are recognized experts in the field of oxidative stress who have developed novel strategies for studying biological oxidations.




Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Antioxidant Protocols


Book Description

The first protocols book, Free Radical and Antioxidant Protocols (1) was published in late 1998. Sections were divided into three parts, covering selected biochemical techniques for measuring oxidative stress, antioxidant (AOX) activity, and combined applications. In choosing the 40 methods to be included in that book, I realized there were considerably more of equal value than that which we could have presented in a single volume. To produce a comprehensive resource, this book and a third are being compiled to expand coverage of the field. A summary of papers (2) published on this important subject emphasizes the continuing rapid growth in oxidative stress investigations relating to our understanding of biochemical reactions, their relevance to pathophysiological mechanisms, how disease may arise, and how therapeutic intervention may be achieved(3). Although there is some overlap between the categories, the ana- sis shown below illustrates where current studies are concentrated and are almost evenly distributed between free radicals and AOX. Over the last 4 yr, there has been a 55% increase in the number of papers published in the area.




Advanced Protocols in Oxidative Stress I


Book Description

Protocols books specializing in measuring free radical and antioxidant biomarkers began to be published in 1998. Many of these methods are currently finding use in diagnostic medicine. Advanced Protocols in Oxidative Stress I covers the field of oxidative stress with state-of-the-art technology to utilize in research, contributed by an international panel of experts renowned for developing new procedures and methods. Included are sections on reactive oxygen and nitrogen species techniques, antioxidant technology and application, methods for analyzing gene expression, the exciting new area of oxidative stress and stem cell differentiation and specific biostatistical evaluation of biomarkers. This volume presents the current high-tech methodologies and provides a perspective on the diversity of applications in the ever-emerging field of free radical reactions and antioxidants. Due to the dynamic nature of this topic, this book will be the first of several volumes of Advanced Protocols in Oxidative Stress, all part of the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series. As part of the series, the chapters include a brief introduction to the material, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and ensuring replication of technology. Cutting-edge and convenient, Advanced Protocols in Oxidative Stress I is an ideal desk reference for scientists wishing to further this research in this exciting, unique and vital field of study.




Cellular Implications Of Redox Signaling


Book Description

Redox regulation, like phosphorylation, is a covalent regulatory system that controls many of the normal cellular functions of all living cells and organisms. In addition, it controls how cells respond to stress involving oxidants and free radicals, which underlie many degenerative diseases. This area is undergoing a transition from general knowledge to specific description of the components and mechanisms involved.This invaluable book provides a timely basic description of a field whose relevance to cell biology and degenerative diseases is of the utmost importance. It describes the state of the art, lays the foundations for understanding the reactions involved, and presents the prospects for future developments. It can serve as a basic text for any undergraduate or graduate course that deals with redox regulation, oxidative stress and free radicals under normal and pathological conditions in bacterial, plant and animal cells.




Oxidants and Antioxidants


Book Description

General Description of the Series: The critically acclaimed laboratory standard for more than forty years, Methods in Enzymology is one of the most highly respected publications in the field of biochemistry. Since 1955, each volume has been eagerly awaited, frequently consulted, and praised by researchers and reviewers alike. Now with more than 300 volumes (all of them still in print), the series contains much material still relevant today--truly an essential publication for researchers in all fields of life sciences. Key Features * Total Antioxidant Activity * Vitamin C * Polyphenols and Flavanoids * Thiols * Vitamin E and Coenzyme Q10 * Carotenoids and Retinoids.




Antioxidants in Sport Nutrition


Book Description

The use of antioxidants in sports is controversial due to existing evidence that they both support and hinder athletic performance. Antioxidants in Sport Nutrition covers antioxidant use in the athlete ́s basic nutrition and discusses the controversies surrounding the usefulness of antioxidant supplementation. The book also stresses how antioxidants may affect immunity, health, and exercise performance. The book contains scientifically based chapters explaining the basic mechanisms of exercise-induced oxidative damage. Also covered are methodological approaches to assess the effectiveness of antioxidant treatment. Biomarkers are discussed as a method to estimate the bioefficacy of dietary/supplemental antioxidants in sports. This book is useful for sport nutrition scientists, physicians, exercise physiologists, product developers, sport practitioners, coaches, top athletes, and recreational athletes. In it, they will find objective information and practical guidance.




Oxidative Stress and Redox Regulation


Book Description

Many physiological conditions such as host defense or aging and pathological conditions such as neurodegenerative diseases, and diabetes are associated with the accumulation of high levels of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species. This generates a condition called oxidative stress. Low levels of reactive oxygen species, however, which are continuously produced during aerobic metabolism, function as important signaling molecules, setting the metabolic pace of cells and regulating processes ranging from gene expression to apoptosis. For this book we would like to recruit the experts in the field of redox chemistry, bioinformatics and proteomics, redox signaling and oxidative stress biology to discuss how organisms achieve the appropriate redox balance, the mechanisms that lead to oxidative stress conditions and the physiological consequences that contribute to aging and disease.