Mitochondrial Function and Biogenesis


Book Description

Mitochondria are complex organelles, possessing a double-membrane and even their own genome, the mtDNA. They play a pivotal role in cellular metabolism, respiration, and production of ATP essential for the normal function of all human organ systems. It is not surprising, therefore, that genetic defects of mitochondrial functions cause a wide spectrum of human diseases. This book provides the first modern and truly comprehensive coverage of the biochemistry, genetics, and pathology of mitochondria in different organisms. It particularly focuses on the recent advances in our understanding of basic mitochondrial research to the consequences of dysfunction at the molecular level. The 13 contributions written by leading researchers in the field include topics such as: mitochondrial genome evolution and mtDNA stability, mitochondrial biogenesis and protein quality control, mitochondrial morphology, assembly and function of the mitochondrial energy generation apparatus and mitochondrial metabolic pathways. These are particularly oriented to link in these various mitochondrial pathways to the clinical consequences of their dysfunctions.




Mitochondrial Dysfunction


Book Description

Methods in Toxicology, Volume 2: Mitochondrial Dysfunction provides a source of methods, techniques, and experimental approaches for studying the role of abnormal mitochondrial function in cell injury. The book discusses the methods for the preparation and basic functional assessment of mitochondria from liver, kidney, muscle, and brain; the methods for assessing mitochondrial dysfunction in vivo and in intact organs; and the structural aspects of mitochondrial dysfunction are addressed. The text also describes chemical detoxification and metabolism as well as specific metabolic reactions that are especially important targets or indicators of damage. The methods for measurement of alterations in fatty acid and phospholipid metabolism and for the analysis and manipulation of oxidative injury and antioxidant systems are also considered. The book further tackles additional methods on mitochondrial energetics and transport processes; approaches for assessing impaired function of mitochondria; and genetic and developmental aspects of mitochondrial disease and toxicology. The text also looks into mitochondrial DNA synthesis, covalent binding to mitochondrial DNA, DNA repair, and mitochondrial dysfunction in the context of developing individuals and cellular differentiation. Microbiologists, toxicologists, biochemists, and molecular pharmacologists will find the book invaluable.




Mitochondrial Function


Book Description

This new volume of Methods in Enzymology continues the legacy of this premier serial with quality chapters authored by leaders in the field. Methods to assess mitochondrial function is of great interest to neuroscientists studying chronic forms of neurodegeneration, including Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, ALS, Huntington's and other triplet repeat diseases, but also to those working on acute conditions such as stroke and traumatic brain injury. This volume covers research methods on how to assess the life cycle of mitochondria including trafficking, fusion, fission, and degradation. Multiple perspectives on the complex and difficult problem of measurement of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production with fluorescent indicators and techniques ranging in scope from measurements on isolated mitochondria to non-invasive imaging of metabolic function. Continues the legacy of this premier serial with quality chapters authored by leaders in the field Covers research methods in biomineralization science Provides invaluable details on state-of-the-art methods to assess a broad array of mitochondrial functions




Mitochondria and the Future of Medicine


Book Description

With information for patients and practitioners on optimizing mitochondrial function for greater health and longevity Why do we age? Why does cancer develop? What's the connection between heart failure and Alzheimer's disease, or infertility and hearing loss? Can we extend lifespan, and if so, how? What is the Exercise Paradox? Why do antioxidant supplements sometimes do more harm than good? Many will be amazed to learn that all these questions, and many more, can be answered by a single point of discussion: mitochondria and bioenergetics. In Mitochondria and the Future of Medicine, Naturopathic Doctor Lee Know tells the epic story of mitochondria, the widely misunderstood and often-overlooked powerhouses of our cells. The legendary saga began over two billion years ago, when one bacterium entered another without being digested, which would evolve to create the first mitochondrion. Since then, for life to exist beyond single-celled bacteria, it's the mitochondria that have been responsible for this life-giving energy. By understanding how our mitochondria work, in fact, it is possible to add years to our lives, and life to our years. Current research, however, has revealed a dark side: many seemingly disconnected degenerative diseases have tangled roots in dysfunctional mitochondria. However, modern research has also endowed us with the knowledge on how to optimize its function, which is of critical importance to our health and longevity. Lee Know offers cutting-edge information on supplementation and lifestyle changes for mitochondrial optimization, such as CoQ10, D-Ribose, cannabinoids, and ketogenic dietary therapy, and how to implement their use successfully. Mitochondria and the Future of Medicine is an invaluable resource for practitioners interested in mitochondrial medicine and the true roots of chronic illness and disease, as well as anyone interested in optimizing their health.




Mitochondrial Metabolism


Book Description

Mitochondrial Metabolism: An Approach for Disease Management covers mitotherapy from three combined perspectives, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry. After an introduction from world-renowned experts, the book's chapters cover the balancing role in reduction/oxidation mitochondria play, mitochondria as targets for therapeutics through its metabolism, mitochondrial contributions to the cell death process, mitochondrial response to environmental toxicants, the mitochondrial role in aging, the impact of calorie restrictive diets, new advances in the identification of altered mitochondria associated signaling pathways in carcinogenesis, and much more. This book provides bioscientists new horizons to realize the importance of mitochondria in present-day research on therapies dealing with mitochondria associated chronic diseases, including diabetes, cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Details the significant role of mitochondria in chronic diseases Presents new insights on the targeting of mitochondria for therapeutic purposes Includes updated results on mitotherapy and other mitochondria-oriented therapies




Integration of Mitochondrial Function


Book Description

In aerobic tissues such as heart, brain, kidney, liver and brown fat, mitochon dria account for more than 20% of cell protein and play an essential role in res piration, ATP formation, ketogenesis, gluconeogenesis, amino acid metabolism, ureagenesis, thermogenesis and a variety of other metabolic activities. The mecha nisms by which these activities are integrated and regulated within the overall context of cellular physiology is of much current research interest. In order to bring together scientists examining the various diverse aspects of this overall pro blem, an International Conference on INTEGRATION OF MITOCHONDRIAL FUNC TION was held June 4-7, 1987 at the Hanes Art Center on the campus of the Uni versity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. The chapters of this volume derive from presentations made at this conference. The focus of INTEGRATION OF MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION is on signifi cant new experimental and theoretical advances concerning integration of mito chondrial function at the organelle, cell, tissue and whole organism levels of organization.




Mitochondria in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes


Book Description

Mitochondria in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: Comprehensive Review on Mitochondrial Functioning and Involvement in Metabolic Diseases synthesizes discoveries from laboratories around the world, enhancing our understanding of the involvement of mitochondria in the etiology of diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Chapters illustrate and provide an overview of key concepts on topics such as the role of mitochondria in adipose tissue, cancer, cardiovascular comorbidities, skeletal muscle, the liver, kidney, and more. This book is a must-have reference for students and educational teams in biology, physiology and medicine, and researchers. Synthesizes actual knowledge on mitochondrial function Provides an integrated vision of each tissue in the etiology of obesity and type 2 diabetes Identifies the interactive networks that involve alteration in mitochondrial mass and function in disease progression Highlights the role played by mitochondria in the prevention and treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes




Mitochondrial Function and Biogenesis


Book Description

This book provides the first modern and truly comprehensive coverage of the biochemistry, genetics, and pathology of mitochondria in different organisms. It particularly focuses on the recent advances in our understanding of basic mitochondrial research to the consequences of dysfunction at the molecular level. (Cover)




Mitochondrial Function, Part A


Book Description

The first of two new volumes covering mitochondria, Mitochondrial Function, Part A presents modern methods that have been developed to examine mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes, iron-sulfur proteins and reactive oxygen species. These new techniques provide investigators with sensitive, original approaches to the study of disease states associated with mitochondrial malfunction. The critically acclaimed laboratory standard for 40 years, Methods in Enzymology is one of the most highly respected publications in the field of biochemistry. Since 1955, each volume has been eagerly awaited, frequently consulted, and praised by researchers and reviewers alike. With more than 400 volumes published, each Methods in Enzymology volume presents material that is relevant in today's labs -- truly an essential publication for researchers in all fields of life sciences. New methods focusing on the examination of normal and abnormal mitochondrial function are presented in an easy-to-follow format by the researchers who developed them Along with companion volume covering mitochondrial diseases and defects, provides a comprehensive overview of modern techniques in the study of mitochondrial malfunction Provides a "one-stop shop" for tried and tested essential techniques, eliminating the need to wade through untested or unreliable methods




Mitochondria in Health and Diseases


Book Description

Mitochondria are subcellular organelles evolved by the endosymbiosis of bacteria with eukaryotic cells. They are the main source of ATP in the cell and engaged in other aspects of cell metabolism and cell function, including the regulation of ion homeostasis, cell growth, redox status, and cell signaling. Due to their central role in cell life and death, mitochondria are also involved in the pathogenesis and progression of human diseases/conditions, including neurodegenerative and cardiovascular disorders, cancer, diabetes, inflammation, and aging. However, despite the increasing number of studies, precise mechanisms whereby mitochondria are involved in the regulation of basic physiological functions, as well as their role in the cell under pathophysiological conditions, remain unknown. A lack of in-depth knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms of mitochondrial metabolism and function, as well as interplay between the factors that transform the organelle from its role in pro-survival to pro-death, have hindered the development of new mitochondria-targeted pharmacological and conditional approaches for the treatment of human diseases. This book highlights the latest achievements in elucidating the role of mitochondria under physiological conditions, in various cell/animal models of human diseases, and in patients.