Book Description

The origins of Asian martial arts in the United States reach back to the Pacific Rim and immigration. This anthology is dedicated to the profoundly significant period—roughly from mid-eighteenth century to the mid-nineteenth century—in which gifted Japanese taught their brand of jujutsu/judo to small groups that gradually disseminated knowledge of combatives into the American mainstream. In the the first chapter, Geoffrey Wingard provides insightful coverage of the “manly arts” in America as they swept the land along with moving populations. Of course early historical influences came from European groups and their varities of combatives, such as wrestling, boxing, and fencing. Wingard demonstrates that the martial arts are integral to American society and are not ad hoc additions to contemporary popular culture. This background is a prerequisite for understanding the reception of Asian martial arts into American culture. Matt Hlinak analyzes Japanese-American immigration into the American West through the prism of athletics, specifically by examining a series of contests between judoka and wrestlers from 1900 to 1920 in California. These matches appealed to an interest in Japanese culture, a desire to see stereotypes reinforced, and nationalist tendencies during an age of uncertainty. The next two chapters by Joseph Svinth detail the establishment and functioning of two important dojos in the Seattle, Washington, area. In 1923 farmers donated a barn and arranged for Ryoichi Iwakiri (third dan) to teach judo to community youths. Another dojo opened in 1928 under the tutalage of Kurosaka Hiroshi (third dan judo). A colorful history marks these dojos and their practitioners: exhibitions, intraclub tournaments, and war-time influences on practice. Their members helped spread judo throughout the United States. James Webb’s chapter focuses on one of the early prime movers for the growth and establishment of judo in America: Vincent Tamura. He was chosen to represent the United States at the First World Championship of Judo (Tokyo, 1956). He is a descendent of the Taira clan, influential during the end of the Heian period (784–1184) in Japan, and his practice has roots in ancient Heike-ryu jujutsu. Putting academic detail aside, James Behrendt offers a personal account of his early years as a judoka devoted to hard training and competition. He writes “I was extremely fit and strong and I used those natural gifts to eventually defeat the purpose of the judo art. I had discipline but was lacking in spirituality and character.” Polishing judo skills helped build his character in the fashion that Kodokan judo founder Kano Jigaro intended. In these chapters you will find the early hotbeds of jujutsu/judo in America and see how these arts tumbled with European-American “manly arts,” making their own way across the country to form and strengthen judo centers in various states. The authors have utilized their scholarly and practical experience to present a rare view of judo as it traversed the Pacific to enrich American culture. Their writings should clarify the early history of judo in America and bring both practitioners and armchair scholars a deeper appreciation for the art.