Natural Resources and Divergence


Book Description

Is the 'natural resource curse' destiny? Are different ways to link natural resources and economic development? Using two particular regions as case studies, this edited collection examines the divergent development paths of natural resource rich countries over the past two centuries. Bolivia, Chile and Peru are neighbour states with a common history and are globally known by their mining endowments. Norway and Sweden have also a strong common history, and different natural resource endowments (forestry, mining and fishing) are essential to understand their current economic success. By comparing natural resource management in the long run in these two divergent regions, this book can help rethink how developing countries can better take advantage of their natural resource endowments. Specifically, the book examines the interaction between natural resources and different key determinants of long-term development: trade, fiscal policy, sustainability, human capital accumulation and business strategies.




Global Economic History: A Very Short Introduction


Book Description

Why are some countries rich and others poor? In 1500, the income differences were small, but they have grown dramatically since Columbus reached America. Since then, the interplay between geography, globalization, technological change, and economic policy has determined the wealth and poverty of nations. The industrial revolution was Britain's path breaking response to the challenge of globalization. Western Europe and North America joined Britain to form a club of rich nations by pursuing four polices-creating a national market by abolishing internal tariffs and investing in transportation, erecting an external tariff to protect their fledgling industries from British competition, banks to stabilize the currency and mobilize domestic savings for investment, and mass education to prepare people for industrial work. Together these countries pioneered new technologies that have made them ever richer. Before the Industrial Revolution, most of the world's manufacturing was done in Asia, but industries from Casablanca to Canton were destroyed by western competition in the nineteenth century, and Asia was transformed into 'underdeveloped countries' specializing in agriculture. The spread of economic development has been slow since modern technology was invented to fit the needs of rich countries and is ill adapted to the economic and geographical conditions of poor countries. A few countries - Japan, Soviet Russia, South Korea, Taiwan, and perhaps China - have, nonetheless, caught up with the West through creative responses to the technological challenge and with Big Push industrialization that has achieved rapid growth through investment coordination. Whether other countries can emulate the success of East Asia is a challenge for the future. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.




Globalisation and Natural Resources Law


Book Description

'This book is a very welcome addition to publications on globalisation and natural resources management. It adopts a very broad approach to this important subject – it includes the general issues, such as trade and investment. It deals with very complex questions of permanent sovereignty over natural resources; the right to development; the role of indigenous peoples in resource management. This publication also provides the reader with general underlying principles and approaches to natural resources management, such as sustainable use; the precautionary principle; the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and the ecosystem approach, regulatory approach etc. The book is very analytical and gives a lot of food for thought for readers.' – Malgosia Fitzmaurice, Queen Mary, University of London, UK 'The book is the first of its kind to deal in depth with complex, cross-cutting issues relating to globalization and natural resources. The authors demonstrate not only a broad range of knowledge but also provides deep insights into what will be needed to make the transition from economic globalization to sustainable globalization, including improved resource efficiency and sustainable development, and inclusive and participatory governance. In particular, the authors consider specific approaches in such sectors as water resources, renewable energy, and biological resources. The book has carefully documented and analyzed numerous international, regional, and national legal frameworks as well as relevant theories and principles. It is a must for every law library as well as for policy makers, administrators, academics, non-governmental bodies, and civil societies. We owe a great debt to the authors for their painstaking, comprehensive research.' – Koh Kheng-Lian, National University of Singapore 'Globalization as a means of aptly capturing political, social, cultural, and above all else economic phenomena has been well-documented and the subject of a multitude of comment. What has perhaps been less well studied is its relationship with natural resource management. Thus this work by Merino-Blanco and Razzaque is to be commended. Moreover, by focusing on globalization, an important truth is revealed. It is neither about the diminution of the role of the State nor the ascendancy of the multinational corporation, but rather a more nuanced and complex interaction, which we are only beginning to appreciate. This book is an important contribution to that debate.' – Duncan French, University of Sheffield, UK 'While sustainable development requires State regulation of the exploitation of natural resources, globalisation, as originally conceived, pushed for "free and unfettered" markets creating a fundamental tension between the two approaches. This book attempts to find a way towards their reconciliation with inspiring results. The book explores many themes, especially how globalisation may contribute to the solution of the problems it has caused by helping to empower non-state actors around the world so that the international decision-making processes become more inclusive, transparent and oriented towards sustainable development.' – Ximena Fuentes, Universidad Alonso Ibanez, Chile and ILA Co-Rapporteur on the Commission on Sustainable Development This book examines the complex relationships between trade, human rights and the environment within natural resources law. It discusses key theories and challenges whilst exploring the concepts and approaches available to manage crucial natural resources in both developed and developing countries. Primarily aimed at undergraduates and postgraduates, it includes exercises, questions and discussion topics for courses on globalisation and /or natural resources law as well as an ample bibliography for those interested in further research. The book will therefore serve as an invaluable reference tool for academics, researchers and activists alike.




Natural Resources, Neither Curse nor Destiny


Book Description

'Natural Resources: Neither Course nor Destiny' brings together a variety of analytical perspectives, ranging from econometric analyses of economic growth to historical studies of successful development experiences in countries with abundant natural resources. The evidence suggests that natural resources are neither a curse nor destiny. Natural resources can actually spur economic development when combined with the accumulation of knowledge for economic innovation. Furthermore, natural resource abundance need not be the only determinant of the structure of trade in developing countries. In fact, the accumulation of knowledge, infrastructure, and the quality of governance all seem to determine not only what countries produce and export, but also how firms and workers produce any good.




Natural Resources and Divergence


Book Description

"Why are some resource economies wealthy and some not? The best way to answer this is through careful comparative research, but such studies are very rare. By exploring Andean and Nordic experiences with natural resources, this book is a breakthrough. It takes the analysis of resources and growth to a new level." - Kristine Bruland, University of Oslo, Norway "Natural resource dependence has been seen as a kind of curse in Latin American economic history vs. a great asset in the story of several developed countries. This book makes a very interesting comparison of the economic histories of Andean and Scandinavian countries to understand why they show contrasting development patterns. It makes an important contribution to comparative economic history and to our understanding of economic development." - José Antonio Ocampo, Columbia University, USA Is the 'natural resource curse' destiny? Are different ways to link natural resources and economic development? Using two particular regions as case studies, this edited collection examines the divergent development paths of natural resource rich countries over the past two centuries. Bolivia, Chile and Peru are neighbour states with a common history and are globally known by their mining endowments. Norway and Sweden have also a strong common history, and different natural resource endowments (forestry, mining and fishing) are essential to understand their current economic success. By comparing natural resource management in the long run in these two divergent regions, this book can help rethink how developing countries can better take advantage of their natural resource endowments. Specifically, the book examines the interaction between natural resources and different key determinants of long-term development: trade, fiscal policy, sustainability, human capital accumulation and business strategies. Cristian Ducoing is Researcher at the Department of Economic History, Lund University, Sweden. José Peres-Cajías is Assistant Professor at the Department of Economic History, Institutions, Politics and World Economy, University of Barcelona, Spain.




Molecular Approaches in Natural Resource Conservation and Management


Book Description

Intended for undergraduate and graduate students in conservation biology, natural resource management, and ecology, this book compiles compelling case histories in molecular ecology.




Divergence


Book Description

The twenty-first book in the beloved Foreigner saga continues the adventures of diplomat Bren Cameron, advisor to the atevi head of state. The overthrow of the atevi head of state, Tabini-aiji, and the several moves of enemies even since his restoration, have prompted major changes in the Assassins' Guild, which has since worked to root out its seditious elements—a clandestine group they call the Shadow Guild. With the Assassins now rid of internal corruption, with the birth of Tabini's second child, and with the appointment of an heir, stability seems to have returned to the atevi world. Humans and atevi share the space station in peaceful cooperation, humans and atevi share the planet as they have for centuries, and the humans' island enclave is preparing to welcome 5000 human refugees from a remote station now dismantled, and to do that in unprecedented cooperation with the atevi mainland. In general Bren Cameron, Tabini-aiji's personal representative, returning home to the atevi capital after securing that critical agreement, was ready to take a well-earned rest—until Tabini's grandmother claimed his services on a train trip to the smallest, most remote and least significant of the provinces, snowy Hasjuran—a move concerning which Tabini-aiji gave Bren a private instruction: protect her. Advise her. Advise her—perhaps. As for protection, she has a trainload of high-level Guild. But since the aiji-dowager has also invited a dangerously independent young warlord, Machigi, and a young man who may be the heir to Ajuri, a key northern province—the natural question is why the dowager is taking this ill-assorted pair to Hasjuran and what on this earth she may be up to. With a Shadow Guild attack on the train station, it has become clear that others have questions, too. Hasjuran, on its mountain height, overlooks the Marid, a district that is part of the atevi nation only in name—a district in which Machigi is one major player, and where the Shadow Guild retains a major stronghold. Protect her? Ilisidi is hellbent on settling scores with the Shadow Guild, and her reasons for this trip and this company now become clear. One human diplomat and his own bodyguard suddenly seem a very small force to defend her from what she is setting in motion.




Markets and the Environment, Second Edition


Book Description

"A clear grasp of economics is essential to understanding why environmental problems arise and how we can address them. ... Now thoroughly revised with updated information on current environmental policy and real-world examples of market-based instruments .... The authors provide a concise yet thorough introduction to the economic theory of environmental policy and natural resource management. They begin with an overview of environmental economics before exploring topics including cost-benefit analysis, market failures and successes, and economic growth and sustainability. Readers of the first edition will notice new analysis of cost estimation as well as specific market instruments, including municipal water pricing and waste disposal. Particular attention is paid to behavioral economics and cap-and-trade programs for carbon."--Publisher's web site.